Antarctica, where ice is everywhere, why is there a water surface that does not freeze?

Some people say that it is about salt, some people say it is air, some people say it is geothermal, in short, there are several opinions, and there is no accurate conclusion.

A lava flow scorched the rock formations at the bottom of the lake, raising the temperature of the water at the bottom of the lake. Some people will say that because the salt content in the lake is relatively high, it will not freeze. Some scientists say that the problem is not so simple, and the lake does not freeze in such cold conditionsIt may also be due to the geothermal heat at work around it.

Antarctic ice-free lakes are rich in salt solutions, which can effectively store solar energy, which is the reason why the temperature of the ice-free lakes is cold and hot. Many people have questioned this claim, arguing that there are few sunny days in the summer in Antarctica, and despite the long hours of sunshine, the lake does not absorb much solar radiation, and more than 90% of the radiation energy is reflected by the ice. The sinking of warm water will inevitably increase the water temperature of the entire water layer, and it is not possible to increase the water temperature of the bottom layer alone.

In this way, the theory of solar radiation seems to be untenable again.

Still others believe that in the Antarctic region, the water temperature is higher than the temperature on the ground because the sea water at a depth of 500 meters does not come into direct contact with the cold air. This temperature difference causes the sea to move vertically, creating a vortex. With the power of this whirlpool, the sea water at a depth of 500 meters is swept to the surface, forming an ice-free lake.

In the coastal areas of Antarctica, there are some peculiar saltwater holes. These saltwater holes emit heat, which condenses into huge blocks of ice. When the weight of the ice is too large, it sinks to the bottom of the sea.

Under the pressure of huge ice blocks, the warmer deep sea water rises to the surface, creating an ice-free lake. After the lake water came into contact with the cold air for a while, the lake water formed large ice cubes again, and the frozen lake disappeared again.

Researchers at the China Polar Research Center put forward the view that ice-free lakes are not just a kind of lake, but are divided into polynya lakes and subglacial lakes according to their own characteristics, and their locations are very different from those of other non-freezing lakes on land and sea. The two may have a certain relationship with salinity. The higher the salinity, the less likely the lake water is to freeze.

If it does not freeze in winter, it proves that its salinity is already very high, and it can be considered a saltwater lake

The debate about the ice-free lakes in Antarctica continues, but no one has yet found a convincing answer. Therefore, the exploration continues, and it is hoped that the reason why the unfrozen lake will not freeze can be found as soon as possible.

That's because there is land in Antarctica, so he won't be in this situation.

The temperature of the sea water is actually not very low, about -2 degrees, because it contains salt, and it has not yet reached the freezing point.

Because the conditions for freezing are not met, it may be that the salt concentration in the water is too high.

Because in some places the temperature is lowered, there will be water that does not freeze.

Because the temperature in Antarctica is very low, it is often cold in winter.

Because she hadn't reached that critical state of freezing, she didn't freeze.

Because of the high salt content, it does not freeze before it reaches the freezing point.

Because there are some warmer weather conditions now, the ice is starting to melt.

In some places, the temperature under the ground is relatively high, so liquid water resources appear.

There are two types of ice in the Arctic and Antarctica, one is sea ice and the other is land ice, because when sea ice condenses into ice, salt is precipitated, and land ice is composed of freshwater snow. Therefore, there is a lot of fresh water in the ice.

Sea iceSea ice is defined as being made of frozen seawater, which gives it different properties from ice made from freshwater. Its formation begins in very cold seawater surrounded by thicker sea ice or land, with a muddy mixture of water and ice crystals on the surface of the sea, known as crushed ice. A film of ice is then formed, known as grease ice, which gets its name from its very similar appearance to the oil slick on the water.

From this thin layer, the ice becomes thicker and thicker, forming ice floe. Ice floes are also known as drift ice because it is not attached to the coastline and can be moved by wind and ocean currents. Sea ice that is close to land and attached to the coastline is called solid ice.

When salt water turns to ice, some of the salt stays in the water, making the water directly below the sea ice saltier and thicker than most seawater. This thick, salty water sinks and flows along the ocean floor to warm tropical waters, forming part of the ocean's great circulation "conveyor belt". In 2011, a BBC film crew filmed an unseen phenomenon in which saltwater sank under the newly formed ice, and the surrounding water slowly froze.

This so-called "brinicle" eventually reaches the bottom of the sea, where it covers the animals that live there (such as starfish and sea urchins) with a layer of deadly ice.

Sea ice forms in winter, more than twice the size of the Antarctic continent, and then melts in the spring and summer. In the Arctic, some sea ice stays all year round, known as multi-year ice.

Land Ice: A summer shipping lane transports melted ice to the sea. Antarctica and Greenland lose about 350 billion tons of ice each year as a result of this melting.

Glaciers are formed on land and are made up of freshwater snow that has been tightly packed over many years. Glaciers, icebergs, and ice sheets are all formed from glacial ice. The Greenland and Antarctic ice sheets are currently the only ice sheets on Earth, and they contain 75% of the world's freshwater.

When ice sheets grow and move out of the ocean, they form ice shelves. Icebergs are formed when large chunks of glacier break off from an ice sheet or ice shelf, known as disintegration. Most of them float below the surface of the water, hence the "tip of the iceberg".

When land ice melts, it causes sea levels to rise.

Because the ice in the Antarctic and Arctic is frozen in the sea, and there are also many glaciers that are accumulated by snowfall, the ice is freshwater.

Because saline water does not freeze, not only the ice in the Antarctic and the Arctic is fresh water, but even the ice in the oceans is also fresh water, and everything in the world that can form ice is fresh water, because salty water does not freeze.

Because these two places are located in different areas, and the water in both places is formed by freezing seawater, it is a freshwater resource.

It's because the ice is formed by the accumulation of snow over the years.

1. Antarctic seawater, which has a high salt content, is easy to freeze when the temperature is not noisy, because the freezing point of Antarctic seawater is lower than that of fresh water. When winter temperatures are too low, Antarctic water will expel salt and freeze.

2. Three conditions are required for Antarctic sea water to freeze: 1The air temperature is lower than the water temperature, and a large amount of heat is lost in the water; 2.There is already a small amount of supercooling relative to the temperature at which the water begins to freeze (freezing point); 3.There are condensation nuclei of impurities such as suspended particles and snowflakes in the water.

The ice in the Antarctic and the ice in the Arctic are both similar and very different. This is because, South.

The pole is continental, while the Arctic has no land, in other words, all the ice in the Arctic is frozen in the sea, south.

After the polar ice freezes on land, icebergs form in the sea and drift around. The ice inside Antarctica froze.

With a small amount of seawater, this trouser line is the same as the Arctic ice. Antarctic icebergs are tabletop-shaped in the sea, while the North Pole is not.

There is this kind of ice. These are the differences between the two dismantling pure Hu Ji.

There is no doubt that the ice formed on land is fresh water, however interestingly, the sea freezes the ice also.

It's fresh water. This is because, when the ice freezes in the seawater, the sea is affected by the waves and wind, and the sea barely squeezes into the small ice particles, but only a trace of the seawater remains. Due to the number of extremes.

Less, therefore, frozen ice in the seawater, without a little saltiness.

Roughly speaking, the crystallized matter is a mere matter because the ice is frozen at 0.

crystalline, so it is pure water.

At present, some wealthy countries in desert areas are planning to bring back Antarctic icebergs by ship.

for drinking water.

The most direct harm is to cause sea level rise, coastal areas will be inundated, and coastal areas are generally economically and culturally developed, such as Shanghai, Japan may be flooded; Second, ancient viruses frozen in Antarctic glaciers may re-emerge; Finally, the role of polar climate regulation is weakened, and the global climate may become more volatile, and humanity may perish as a result.

The Antarctic continent is the land mass of the Guide Pole in addition to the surrounding islands, the latest to be discovered in the world, and it is located alone at the southernmost point of the planet. More than 95% of the Antarctic continent is covered by extremely thick snow and ice"White Continent"called. Among the six continents in the world, the Antarctic continent is larger than the Australian continent, ranking 5th.

The Antarctic continent and the Australian continent are the only two continents in the world surrounded by oceans, surrounded by the Pacific Ocean, the Atlantic Ocean, and the Indian Ocean, forming a huge hydrosphere around the earth, which is completely closed (see the Antarctic Ocean), and is a continent far away from other continents and completely isolated from the civilized world.

The Antarctic continent is the most difficult continent to access. The closest continent to the Antarctic continent is South America, and between them is the 970-kilometer-wide Drake Passage. The Antarctic continent is not only far away from other continents, but is also surrounded by ice shelves and ice floes of several kilometers or even hundreds of kilometers, and the area of ice floes in winter can reach 19 million square kilometers; Even in the summer of Antarctica, its area is 2.6 million square kilometers; There are also tens of thousands of huge icebergs floating in the oceans around the Antarctic continent, which make sea navigation extremely difficult and dangerous.

Antarctic Circle: The latitude line at 66 degrees 34 minutes south latitude [1] minutes south is the Antarctic Circle. There will be polar day and polar night phenomena in the polar circle, with the south of the Antarctic Circle being cold and the north being temperate.

Now many island nations are gone.

Mt. Fuji may be all that is left in Japan.

The water in the North and South Poles freezes.

Reasons: First, the total amount of sunshine also determines the temperature. The North and South Poles are located in the southernmost and northernmost regions of the Earth, respectively, and there is a polar night phenomenon every year.

Although there will be a polar day, the solar altitude angle is too low, the light intensity is not large, and the latitude is high, so the temperature is low and the poles are covered with ice and snow, and the reflection of sunlight is strong, so the temperature is lowered even more.

Second, there is a large amount of salt in seawater, but the dissolution of salt in seawater is not the same, for example, the greater the depth, the higher the salinity, and the surface salt is less, so the surface is frozen, which is also determined by temperature. Seawater, which has a high salt content, is not prone to freezing at normal temperatures, because the freezing point of seawater is lower than that of fresh water. When the temperature is too low in winter, the sea water will excrete salt and freeze.

So, all in all, the reason why seawater freezes is mainly determined by the temperature and temperature.

Due to the density flow, polar seawater has a low salt content, a high melting point, and low polar temperatures, so it is prone to freezing.

Because it is far from the sun, the temperature is low, and the sea water freezes back, although its salt content is only a few degrees lower than the freezing point of ordinary water

Countries like Nauru, Tonga, Maldives, Kiribati, Marshall Islands, etc., will be flooded because they are too low.

All countries will be submerged, the ice in Antarctica will melt, the sea level of the planet will rise, Mount Everest will all be submerged, and no country will be spared.

Chile, Argentina, Norway, Great Britain, France. Several of these countries will be flooded.