Learning Methods of Ancient Chinese Grammar

I suggest that you start with ancient literature. In view of the fact that you are also a history buff, you can watch "Historical Records".

When reading ancient Chinese, it is important to develop a sense of language. Sometimes you read, read, and you can find a sense of understanding. But if you want to know the exact content, I hope you can flip through dictionaries such as the etymology of the sea of words, which is very good for accumulation.

As a Chinese, this is not difficult.

You can also start with the poetry and words of the ancients, if you are interested in **, the Tang Legend and Song Dynasty are a good choice, but just look at the so-called official history, you will lose interest in ancient Chinese.

Start with ancient cultural works such as the Book of Songs and the Analects that are more common and close to daily life (if you don't understand them, they are translated by experts, which is relatively simple), and then slowly read through the historical records.

ps: Actually, if you look at "Historical Records", you won't find it too difficult.

I can't help but think of the book "Introduction to Linguistics" that made me learn crazy, which is full of grammar! Grammar! Ancient grammar focused on predicates, with multiple words spoken as verbs and inverted sentences.

My experience is to read more books, the first time I read it quickly, it may be painful and I don't understand a lot, and the second time I read it slowly, mainly looking at the examples inside. Examples are very important, and exams are usually examples. Then do more detailed questions.

First of all, the all-access plenum requires a certain amount of accumulation, and it is impossible for me to say that I can pass the all-round plenum with hard work.

You yourself say that it is an amateur in order to learn about history.

Then I recommend a way to buy the historical records or twenty-five histories of Wenbai to see.

In fact, historical books are not difficult to understand, read too much, just like normal reading, but there are some places where the understanding may be wrong.

These errors can be corrected by comparing the Chinese with the vernacular, so that you can understand it naturally without comparing the vernacular after reading more.

You don't have to compete with yourself, you have to go all-in-one, I think it's just a process of accumulation, you just have to accumulate, and one day you will find out.

I don't know that I can understand all the ancient texts.

Is your book all in classical Chinese, without annotations or anything? I've been reading the Art of War for the past two days, and it's in full language, but there's a note below, so you can choose it.

This ** go find the word you need to translate, thank you.

It's very simple, find a teacher, study hard, study hard, study hard, unless the IQ is low, you can learn well PS (ask for extra points).

The grammatical knowledge of ancient Chinese mainly includes two parts: the attributes of words and special sentence structures.

1. The attributes of words, referred to as "parts of speech", all words are divided into real words and virtual words according to their grammatical functions. Real words, as the name suggests, are words with real meaning, which can be used as sentence components alone, including nouns, verbs, adjectives, numerals, quantifiers, and pronouns. Imaginary words are words that have no practical meaning, including adverbs, prepositions, conjunctions, particles, interjections, etc.

In ancient Chinese grammar, there are sometimes phenomena of the active use of parts of speech, such as "nouns are used as verbs, nouns are used as adverbs", and to master these knowledge, it is necessary to analyze them from the perspective of grammar.

2. Special sentence structure. Most of the word order in modern Chinese sentences is that the subject comes first, and the predicate and object come last. In the special sentence structure in ancient Chinese, sometimes the predicate is placed in front of the subject, and sometimes the object is placed in front of the predicate, forming an inverted sentence.

In addition, the judgment sentences and passive sentences in ancient Chinese are also different from those in modern Chinese. Abbreviated sentences in ancient Chinese are everywhere, which adds a certain degree of difficulty to learning ancient Chinese.

1. Ancient Chinese grammar is different from modern Chinese grammar. For example, in ancient Chinese, nouns can be placed in front of verbs as adverbs, but modern Chinese does not have such usage.

2. The pronunciation of ancient Chinese and modern Chinese is different. Two characters that are not the same in modern Chinese may have very similar pronunciations in ancient Chinese, and if you want to read ancient poems and songs, you must understand pingxuan, rhyme, etc., which requires more knowledge of phonology.

3. There are words with completely different meanings in ancient Chinese and modern Chinese. For example, "pond", modern Chinese means "pond", and in addition to this meaning, ancient Chinese also has the meaning of "moat".

Extended information: Language evolves, it changes with the changes of history, but at the same time it cannot change very much, because it develops on the one hand, and it has its solidity on the other.

Because there is inheritance, Chinese and modern Chinese thousands of years ago have a lot in common, which is one aspect of inheritance, but it also has one aspect of development, which is that ancient Chinese and modern Chinese are different.

Therefore, when we learn Chinese, we must first establish a historical viewpoint and know that it has similarities, differences, inheritances, and developments, which is of great benefit to our learning Chinese.

2.Polysemy.

For: make, do. "For the palace and utensils", "for those who cover the simple peach core and repair the narrow". Be. "Zhongxuan is open for the cabin", "Zhong'e crown and hairy for the east slope". Yes. "One boat, five people".

Wood: Wood, wood. "It can be a tree with a diameter of inches".

Tree. "Even birds and beasts, wood and stone dan".

Said: It's called. "There is a KitKat, and the person is called Wang Shuyuan."

Be. "Wen Nianlun said 'Chu Pingshan people'".

Strange: Strange. "There are KitKats". jī, zero, remainder. "The length of the bow and tail of the boat is about eight minutes".

Yes: Verbs, tables exist. "There is a model and a high-selling KitKat", "There is a pot on the stove".

yòu, which is used between integers and zeros. "Eight points are strange", "there are four out of thirty words".

End: The beginning side. "Dongpo holds the end of the roll in his right hand".

Straight, positive. "His eyes are silent."

Ancient and modern synonyms.

1. Lie on the right knee.

Lying: the use of the verb to make ......Lay flat.

2. The one with the crown and many beards is the east slope.

Eguan: Wears a tall hat.

3. The vertebral bun of the right person is on the back.

Vertebrae: Hair is combed in a conical bun.

Compared with ancient Chinese, modern Chinese grammar has the following 7 characteristics:

1. Measure words are becoming more and more abundant;

2. Prepositions and modal words have basically been completely replaced;

3. The pronoun system is significantly simplified;

4. The phenomenon of word class utilization was significantly reduced;

5. In the pre-Qin period, dynamic auxiliary words became commonly used word classes, and verbal knots and phrases, words and sentences, and words and sentences became the basic syntactic structures and sentence patterns;

6. The position of the pronoun object in the negative sentence and the interrogative sentence has changed;

7. The conjunctive components of sentences increase, the structure tends to be complex, and the ideograms are more accurate and precise.

The first two volumes of Wang Li's Ancient Chinese are sufficient.

Memorize a few more articles, look at the translation, read more and memorize more and naturally have a sense of language, grammar is not a rigid rules and regulations, put it in the language environment, it will be mastered naturally.

Some people used to say that Chinese has no grammar, which is naturally wrong, but compared to other languages, Chinese grammar does not have very explicit rules, and Chinese mainly expresses grammar through word order, modal words, etc., so if you really want to say that the study of ancient Chinese does not need to spend a lot of effort to learn grammar like English and other languages, especially for native Chinese speakers. As one of the elements of language, grammar is much more stable than vocabulary, etc., the grammar of modern Chinese and ancient Chinese is not much different, and several obvious differences are often talked about in middle school, such as object preposition, definite postposition, compound finger, make the passive as moving, etc., these middle school texts carefully recite some classic articles will be helpful. If you want to read earlier and more difficult articles, it is recommended to work hard in many aspects, and if you have time, you can take a look at the following books, just as a recommendation.

Wang Li, Ancient Chinese, Manuscripts of Chinese History, and History of Chinese Grammar; Bai Yulin and Chi Duo, Ancient Chinese Grammar; "Zuo Chuan" Thirteen Classics Annotated Edition.

Reviewing the past and learning the new can be a teacher.

If you learn without thinking, you will be reckless, and if you die without learning, you will die.

Knowing is knowing Dan Yuanmin, not knowing is not knowing, and knowing is also knowing.

Threesome, there must be my teacher, the model branch from the good one, and the bad one to change.

If you take one corner and not three corners, you will not be able to recuperate.