A collection of stories about the way of nature, there are short stories about the way of nature

At the beginning of the 20th century, there were about 4,000 wild deer in the western U.S. Kerbarber Forest.

It is accompanied by the best wolf, threatening the survival of the deer. In 1906, the United States carried out a campaign to remove the

Operation Wolf killed more than 6,000 wolves by 1930. The wolf is gone. And so the deer started there.

Unplanned" births, and soon the number of deer grew to more than 100,000. A thriving herd of deer gnaws one.

Cut edible plants, eat up wild grasses, destroy forests, and make other animals feed on plants.

Plummeting, causing the deer herd to suffer from hunger and disease. By 1942, deer were falling in the forest.

to 8,000 heads, and most of them are sick and weak, and the once-prosperous deer family is in sharp decline. Go out.

The reason for this is that the wolves have been exterminated. On the one hand, wolves can prey on some deer and make deer.

The total number is controlled and does not multiply to the extent that it degrades vegetation; On the other hand, wolves prey.

Most of the deer are old, weak, sick and disabled, which helps the deer to survive the fittest and is conducive to the succession of the deer; Again.

On the one hand, the deer, chased by wolves, are often in a state of escape movement, which promotes the deer's growth.

Robust development. Since the wolf disappeared, the deer had no natural predators, the "lazy man" was weak, and the deer herd degenerated.

In order to save the evil consequences of wolf extermination, the United States formulated the "Introduction" in the 70s of the last century.

"Wolf in the House" plan. However, this plan was opposed by some people and was not implemented in time. With.

As a result of the increase in environmental awareness, the "Bringing Wolves into the House" program was finally implemented in 1995.

The first wild wolves were released from Canada into the Rocky Mountains, and the forest was thriving again.

Machine. Pick me.

The way for an animal to survive is to know how to forage for food, how to avoid predators, and how to identify species for breeding, at least after birth. How exactly are animals capable of doing these things?

Some of the bodily functions of animals are controlled by their genes, which are called instinctive and innate behaviors. These innate and instinctive behaviors are especially important for young animals, helping them to have a preliminary understanding of where dangers and which foods to eat, and when they grow up, they will naturally learn how to adapt and engage in more complex behaviors.

Most animals have the ability to learn, just like insects. It seems that butterflies are inherently attracted to colorful flowers, and they have a fixed preference for certain colors of flowers, and for these congenital characteristics, butterflies will continue to learn during the growth period to strengthen the recognition of the dominant nature of the flowers that prefer colors. This is an example of how animals have the instinct to adapt to their environment. If butterflies do not learn to recognize the colors of certain flowers, they will find it difficult to find food and will starve to death.

Not all animals have the ability to learn, and those who have to leave their parents soon after birth are self-reliant from an early age, and all behaviors are programmed in advance, including the ability to recognize their own kind. However, newborn animals that are nurtured and cared for by their parents not only have a period of time to learn from trial and error soon after birth, but also allow them to have more contact with their own kind and enhance their identification.

Most birds are fed by their parents when they are young, and they learn the behavior of their mothers as soon as possible soon after birth, which is called imprinting cognition. This learning style is not only influenced by the person they are learning from, but also how they choose the right partner for their future life. Newborn mammals are much more fortunate in that they stay with their parents for a longer period of time, sometimes until they are weaned, and sometimes they are separated from their parents when their mothers become pregnant again. This learning period is quite long, giving newborn mammals enough time to learn complex behaviors by observing their parents' actions.

Newborn sloths learn how to distinguish which trees when observing? can eat; The little shrew licks its mother's mouth to find out what her mother is eating; When young, elephants learn about the changing environment and search for water; Orangutans, on the other hand, learn to make good use of the tools provided by nature to increase their chances of survival. With the exception of humans, other mammal mothers do not have a set of methods of teaching newborn animals to survive, they just let their children stay with them, let them learn their own behavior, and hope that they will learn from their attempts and failures, and imitate their mother's actions and repeat them themselves.

As for what they are thinking, it is impossible to know.

Seven travel companions and a biologist guide and I arrived on the island of Galapagos in the South Pacific. There are many nests on this island that hatch their calves, and one of the purposes of our visit was to see how the hatchlings leave their nests and enter the sea.

The Pacific green turtle weighs about 150 kilograms, and the hatchlings are less than one percent of them, and the hatchlings usually leave the nest in April and May and scramble to crawl into the sea. However, it takes a short stretch of beach to get from the turtle's nest to the sea, and if you are not careful, it may become food for eagles and other carnivorous birds.

When we arrived on the island that day, it was nearly dusk, and we soon found a large turtle nest. Suddenly, a baby turtle pokes its head out of the nest first, but is about to come out again, as if to reconnoiter whether it is safe outside. Just as the hatchling was faltering, a mocking eagle suddenly approached, pecking at the hatchling's head with its pointed beak in an attempt to pull it onto the beach.

My companions and I watched nervously at the scene before us, and one of them anxiously asked the guide, "Do you have to think of a way?" The guide replied casually: "Take it in your mouth, the way of nature is like this." ”

The guide's coldness attracted a call from his companions to "can't see death and can't be saved". The guide reluctantly picked up the little turtle and led it out to sea, and the mocking eagle saw that the food in his hand was taken away, and could only fly away in despair.

What happened next, however, was a shocking experience. Soon after the guide took the hatchlings, groups of hatchlings came out of the nest. Reality soon made it clear to us that we had done something stupid and stupid.

The hatchling, which came out first, turned out to be a "scout" of the turtle herd, and if it encountered danger, it would return to the nest. Now the young turtles who are working as guides are being led out to sea, and the young turtles in the nest get the wrong message that they think it is safe outside, so they rush to go together.

The sun is still shining on the island at dusk. From the turtle's nest to the seaside stretch of sand, hundreds of young turtles flock out, quickly attracting many carnivorous birds, who can indeed feast on their fill.

Oh, my God? I heard someone behind me, "Look what we've done?" ”

At this time, dozens of young turtles have become the mouths of mocking eagles, seagulls, and cloud birds, and our guide quickly took off the baseball caps on his head, quickly grabbed more than a dozen young turtles, put them in the hats, and ran towards the sea. We also follow his example, running back and forth out of breath, which can be regarded as a kind of remedy for our own mistakes.

When it was all over, dozens of carnivorous birds were well fed and let out joyful cries that resounded through the sky. The two mocking eagles are still standing quietly on the beach, hoping to catch the last lost hatchling for a meal. My companions and I lowered our heads and walked slowly on the beach.

It seemed that in the midst of this group of mortals, everything was silent. Finally, the guide uttered his lament: "If it weren't for us humans, these turtles wouldn't be harmed at all."

Man is the spirit of all things. However, when people are clever in their own right, everything can go the other way.

The Greed of the Baby Shark - The Story

In the deep sea, a baby shark grows up and begins to learn to forage with its mother, and it gradually learns how to catch food. The mother said to it, "Son, you have grown up and should leave me to live alone."

Sharks are the kings of the bottom of the sea, and there are almost no creatures that can hurt them, so although the mother is not with the baby shark, she is still very relieved. He believed that his son, with his excellent predatory skills, would be able to live well.

A few months later, the mother shark saw the baby shark in a small trench, and she was startled by her son. The trench where the baby shark is located is very rich in food**, and it is attracted by the school of fish that the baby shark should be strong here, but it looks as if it is malnourished and tired.

What the hell is wrong, Mother Shark thought. He was about to go over to ask the baby shark, but he saw a school of large salmon swimming towards him, and the baby shark was also in his senses and was preparing to hunt.

The mother shark ducked to the side, watching the baby shark hide and wait for the salmon to reach the range she could attack. A salmon swam up first, already swimming to the mouth of the baby shark without feeling the slightest danger. The shark's mother thought that her son would be able to have a good meal as soon as he shut up, but to her surprise, her son didn't even move.

Two, three, four, more and more salmon swam closer, but the little shark still did not move, staring at the little salmon left in the distance, at this time the little shark became impatient, ** pounced, but the distance was too far, the salmon easily got rid of the pursuit.

Sometimes, the reason why you can't get it is not that you didn't work hard, but that your heart is too big and you don't have time to close the net.

A child found a chrysalis in the grass and brought it home. After a few days, a crack appeared on the chrysalis, and the butterfly inside struggled for several hours, and the body seemed to be stuck and could not get out. The child couldn't bear to look at it, so he picked up scissors to cut the chrysalis shell and help the butterfly chrysalis come out.

But the butterfly was bloated and its wings were shriveled, and it could not fly at all, and soon died.

The fourth grade of primary school has 9 lessons.

At the beginning of the century, there were about 4,000 wild deer in the Kaibab Forest in the Rocky Mountains of the western United States, and they were accompanied by packs of wolves, threatening the survival of the deer. For the sake of the tranquility of these deer, in 1906, the United States decided to carry out a wolf eradication operation, and by 1930 more than 6,000 wolves had been shot. The wolf is nowhere to be seen in the Kaiba Burlin district.

So the deer began to give birth there without any worries and "unplanned", and soon the number of deer grew to more than 100,000. Thriving deer eat all edible plants, eat up weeds, destroy forests, and reduce the number of other animals that feed on plants, leaving the herd suffering from hunger and disease. By 1942, the number of deer in the Kaibab Forest had dropped to 8,000, and the majority of them were sick and weak, and the once-thriving deer family was in sharp decline.

This backfires because the wolf has been exterminated. On the one hand, wolves prey on some deer, so that the total number of deer is controlled, so that they do not reproduce to the extent that they degrade vegetation; On the other hand, most of the deer preyed on by wolves are old, weak, sick and disabled, which helps the survival of the fittest and the succession of deer herds. On the other hand, the deer is often in a state of escape under the chase of wolves, which promotes the robust development of the deer. Since the wolf disappeared, the deer had no natural predators, the "lazy man" was weak, and the deer herd degenerated.

In order to save the evil consequences of wolf extermination, the United States formulated a plan to "lure wolves into the house" in the 70s of the last century. However, this plan was opposed by some people and was not implemented in time. With the increase in people's awareness of the environment, the "Bringing Wolves into the House" program was finally implemented in 1995.

The first wild wolves were released from Canada into the Rocky Mountains, and the forest was full of life.

At the beginning of the 20th century, the Kaibab Forest in northern Arizona was still lush and vibrant. There are about 4,000 deer in the forest, and the vicious and cruel wolf is the great enemy of the deer. Theodore Roosevelt, the United States, wanted to protect the deer in the Kaibab Forest and breed more.

He declared the Kaibab Forest a national hunting reserve and decided to hire hunters to go there and exterminate the wolves. Gunfire in the forest**. Under the cold muzzle of the hunter's gun, the wolf let out a series of screams and whined for his life.

After 25 years of hunting, more than 6,000 wolves have been killed. Other wild animals in the forest that feed on deer, such as leopards, are also hunted a lot. Specially protected deer have become the "darlings" of the Kaibab forest.

In this "kingdom of freedom", they grow and breed freely, eat trees freely, and live a happy life without danger and with plenty of food. Soon, the number of deer in the forest increased, and the total number exceeded 100,000. More than 100,000 deer gnawed in the eastern part of the forest, and when the bushes were eaten up, they gnawed on the small trees, and when the small trees were eaten up, they gnawed on the bark of the big trees......Everything that can be eaten by deer is doomed.

The green vegetation in the forest is decreasing day by day, and the yellowing of the earth is expanding day by day. Disaster has finally befallen the deer. First starvation caused a large number of deer to die, and then there was an epidemic of disease, and countless deer disappeared.

Two years later, the total number of deer had dropped from 100,000 to 40,000. By 1942, there were only 8,000 sick deer left in the entire Kaibab forest. Roosevelt could never have imagined that the wolf he ordered to kill was actually the protector of the forest!

Although wolves eat deer, it maintains a stable population of deer. This is because after the wolf eats some of the deer, the total number of deer in the forest can be controlled to a reasonable level, and the forest will not be spoiled beyond recognition by the deer herd. At the same time, most of the deer eaten by wolves are sick deer, which effectively controls the threat of disease to the deer herd.

And the deer that Roosevelt was determined to protect, once the number exceeds the limit that the forest can bear, will destroy the stability of the forest ecosystem and bring great ecological disaster to the forest. That is, too many deer can be the main culprits for the destruction of the forest. This seems to contradict what people know about wolves and deer.

In any ethnic group, in all fairy tales with animal themes, wolves almost always bear the notoriety of bullying the weak, such as the story of the "big bad wolf" in China and the story of "Little Red Riding Hood" in the West. Deer, on the other hand, are almost always the embodiment of beauty and kindness. The wolf is **, so it must be destroyed; Deer are nuisance and kind, so be protective.

Roosevelt's policy of protecting the deer herd was based on this customary view and the principles of fairy tales. This series of stories that took place in the Kaibab Forest illustrates that different organisms living on the same planet are mutually conditioned and interconnected. Judging the good and evil of animals based only on the one-sided understanding of human beings can sometimes make serious mistakes.

Both deer and wolves are needed in the forest. One must respect this interrelationship between animals and the biological world as a whole.