What was Galileo s ideal experiment? Galileo ideal protocol

In the People's Edition of High School Physics Book, Compulsory 1, it is said that Galileo's research on the motion of free fall made logical reasoning and assumptions, and verified it with an inclined plane experiment, that is, to let the copper ball roll down from the inclined plane to measure the falling time, because there was no advanced measurement equipment at that time, so Galileo carried out mathematical calculations, so he chose the inclined plane experiment to verify whether the speed of the object changes uniformly with time, which is the practice of "diluting" gravity! From this, it is corrected and generalized, which is the Galilean ideal experiment.

Aristotle (384-322 B.C.), an authoritative thinker in ancient Greece, once asserted that the speed at which an object falls from a high altitude is directly proportional to its weight. For example, a ten-pound object falls ten times faster than a one-pound object.

For more than 1,800 years, this false assertion has been held to true by the faith. It was not until the 16th century that Galileo (1564-1642 AD) discovered the logical contradiction of this theory. Galileo said that if a large stone falls at a certain rate, then, according to Aristotle, a smaller stone will fall at a correspondingly slower rate.

If we tie these two stones together, how quickly will the new stone, which weighs equal to the sum of the weights of the two stones, fall? If we continue to follow Aristotle's assertion, we will inevitably come to two diametrically opposed conclusions. On the one hand, the new stone should fall less than the first big stone, because the addition of a stone that falls at a slower rate will slow down the first big stone; On the other hand, the new stone should fall faster than the first big stone, because when two stones are tied together, it weighs more than the first big stone.

These two contradictory conclusions cannot be held at the same time, which shows that Aristotle's argument is illogical. Galileo went on to assume that the speed at which an object descends is independent of its weight. If two objects experience the same air resistance, or if the air resistance is omitted, then two objects of different weights will fall at the same speed and reach the ground at the same time.

According to physics textbooks, the ball on the left slope of Galileo's ideal experiment rolls down, regardless of the slope on the right, and always rolls to the right side at the same height as the place where it falls.

Reduce the second bevel.

The ball still has to reach its original height on this inclined plane. Two butted bevels, so that the stationary ball rolls down one bevel, and the ball will roll up the other. If there is no friction, the ball will rise to the height it was originally released.

Continue to reduce the inclination of the second inclined plane, and finally make it horizontal, and the ball should make a continuous uniform linear motion along the horizontal plane.

In the above hypothetical experimental steps, one is an experimental fact, the rest is an inference, and the one that belongs to a reliable experimental fact is filled in the serial number), and the one that belongs to the idealized inference is filled in the serial number).

Putting the imaginary steps of the above ideal experiment in the correct order is to fill in the serial number).

This question shows students the well-known method of thinking in the history of science. That is, on the basis of experimental facts, through reasonable imagination, to obtain conclusions. In the hypothetical experimental procedure described in the title, the one that is a reliable experimental fact is

What is an idealized corollary is that the correct order is

Answer: Demolition and rolling:

Among the experiments that Galileo did, the most famous one is probably the story of "two iron balls hitting the ground at the same time". Regardless of whether he actually did this experiment or not, there is no doubt that Galileo was indeed the first person in modern experimental science.

Legend of the Invention Telescope Leaning Tower of Pisa Experiment In 1590, the Italian physicist Galileo Galilei, who was born in Pisa, did a free fall experiment on the Leaning Tower of Pisa, and threw two spheres of different weights from the same height at the same time, resulting in the two lead balls falling to the ground at the same time, thus discovering the law of falling bodies in the free mausoleum zone, overturning Aristotle's previous belief that heavy objects will reach the ground first, and the speed of the falling body is proportional to its mass.

The story of Galileo's free-fall experiment at the Leaning Tower of Pisa, but there is no record of this experiment by Galileo, the University of Pisa, or anyone else of his time. Historically, there have been two different opinions on whether Galileo did a free-fall experiment at the Leaning Tower of Pisa. The rest of the small experiments are hard to tell.

Why Galileo's ideal experimental method is scientific and reliable.

"Ideal experiment" is a logical reasoning thought process and an important method of theoretical research. "Ideal experiments" are not subjective conjectures divorced from reality, but scientific conclusions based on practice and rigorous logical deduction and mathematical proof. Therefore, Galileo Leo envied that the experimental method was scientifically reliable.

Galileo's inclined plane experiments played an important role in the establishment of Newton's first law, revealing the relationship between force and motion, that is, the motion of an object does not require force to maintain. In the current textbook discussion of inclined plane experiments, it is considered that inclined plane experiments are ideal experiments and do not have the effect of friction. There are two problems here:

Are small balls really immune to friction? This article discusses this issue in detail. 1 Galileo inclined plane experiment in the small ball is subjected to the friction force, it is well known that if there is no friction, the object will not be able to roll, when the dynamic friction factor is small, the object does a slip roll, and the friction is the sliding friction; When the dynamic friction factor satisfies certain conditions, the object rolls without slipping, and the frictional force is static friction.

Due to the influence of gravity, the contact point between the ball and the inclined plane will have a tendency to slide, so the ball must be subjected to static friction and the direction is upward. It is precisely because of the joint action of static friction and gravity that the ball rolls without slip on the inclined plane, and its dynamic equation is Yin GSINS F=MA, FR=job, A=RP, where M is the mass of the ball, 0 is the inclination angle of the inclined plane, F is the static friction force experienced by the ball, A is the acceleration of the center of mass of the ball, R is the radius of the ball, I is the moment of inertia of the ball, and Xi is the angular acceleration of the rotation of the ball. As you can see from the above equation, when the ball rolls down, .,

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Summary. Galileo's ideal experiment proved that the motion of an object does not require force to sustain it, and also proved that Aristotle's relationship between motion and force was wrong.

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Galileo's ideal experiment proved that the motion of an object does not require force to sustain it, and also proved that Aristotle's relationship between motion and force was wrong.

Galileo's ideal bevel experiment illustrates the law of free fall motion.

Galileo's experiment on an ideal bevel came to the conclusion that force is not what sustains the motion of an object. Galileo reasoned in the results of his famous inclined plane experiments that he pointed out:

On an inclined plane, a block moving upwards must continuously apply upward thrust in order to make it move at a uniform speed, and on an inclined plane, a block that slides down must be constantly hindered by external forces in order to move at a uniform speed.

Then on a horizontal smooth plane, the object does not need either thrust or resistance to maintain a uniform motion, and the object does not need either thrust or resistance to maintain a uniform motion. Through scientific reasoning, Galileo believed that if all contact surfaces are smooth, and a steel ball rolls down from a certain height of the inclined plane, because it is only subjected to gravity and has no resistance to produce energy loss, then it must reach the same height as the other inclined plane, and if the inclined plane is flattened, the same situation will occur.

If the inclined surface becomes horizontal, the ball will not find the same height and will remain in a state of motion forever.

Background:

Before the 16th century, Arrinavistotle's concept of "movement" played a leading role. Since then, this concept has gradually been sharply criticized by some prominent scientists. The examination and criticism of this theory became an important starting point for the development of mechanics in the century.

Instrumental Galileo Galilei was the first to successfully break Aristotle's erroneous authority as a transitional figure between ancient natural philosophy and modern science. Galileo's inclined plane experiment originated from his study of the laws of motion of objects.

Galileo Galilei was born in Italy, the birthplace of the Renaissance, in 1564. At that time, it was a period of great emancipation, and Copernicus's heliocentric theory directly impacted the entire system of people's religious concepts; During the Renaissance, experiments began to be valued as a way to explore science and understand nature. Francis, Bacon, who vigorously promoted the importance of experimentation and vigorously opposed scholasticism, prepared the way for Galileo's research.

Galileo's early kinematic ideas and many achievements in the natural sciences were cultivated on the fertile soil of philosophical ideas, writings, and scientific achievements in various periods such as ancient Greece, the Middle Ages, and even the Renaissance.