Satellite antennas, satellite methods, types of satellite antennas

First, determine the approximate orientation of the satellite. The general direction of east-west and north-south can be judged according to the rise and fall of the sun, and then the longitude of the receiving station can be found by checking the map, and then comparing it with the orbital position of the satellite to obtain the approximate direction. If the longitude of the satellite orbit is equal to the longitude of the receiving station, the antenna points due south; If the longitude of the satellite orbit is less than the longitude of the receiving station, the antenna points to the southwest; If the longitude of the satellite orbit is greater than the longitude of the receiving station, the antenna points southeast.

If the receiving station is located at 113 reading in the northern hemisphere, the antenna should point to the south-southwest direction to receive the Asia-2 antenna; If you want to collect a 113-degree Palapa satellite, the antenna will point due south, and so on. According to China's geographical location in the northern hemisphere, the antenna should be adjusted to the east and west as the limit, and it is impossible for the antenna to point to the north. In practice, it is possible to search back and forth in a range of tens of degrees around the determined direction.

In the second step, the received frequency and other data are input into the receiver so that the device is in the receiving state. Conditional users can also observe the field strength meter on the receiver or display the signal strength via the menu. In this step, it should be noted that there may be errors in the frequency of the satellite receiver, such as the difference between the frequency displayed by my receiver and the actual 110MHz, this problem should be verified in advance.

Next, it's time to adjust the antenna. Fix the antenna in the correct position you think, and then adjust the elevation angle of the antenna from the minimum position to 90 degrees, (please note that the elevation angle may be negative to 0 degrees when receiving Pan Am 2 in some areas of China) During the adjustment process, you should observe the image or signal strength indication of the monitor, such as the TV signal or signal indication of the monitor has signs of increasing (some signal indications such as the signal indication of the digital machine are also displayed when the antenna is not aimed at the satellite, which is the noise of the high-frequency head, and the trend of the tooth should be observed when observing), The antenna should be adjusted to the optimal point, in the azimuth angle. If there is no tendency for an image to appear or for the signal to increase, adjust the antenna to the east or west to a moderate angle before searching.

This angle can be slightly larger for the C-band and slightly smaller for the Ku-band, but it doesn't have to be too small. Based on my experience in C-band searching, it is generally possible to receive a few angles within the determined range, from which the reader can derive the size of the angle to be moved. If you can't receive it in one direction, you can continue searching in the other direction.

This method works for both C-band and Ku-band, digital or analog signals.

There are two types of satellite antennas:

1. The C antenna that receives C-band signals is called forward feed antenna in professional terms, commonly known as cauldron.

2. The KU antenna that receives the KU band signal is called the bias feed antenna in professional terms, commonly known as the small pot.

A satellite antenna, often referred to as a cauldron, is a metal parabola that reflects satellite signals into the feed and high-frequency head located at the focal point. The role of a satellite dish is to collect the weak signals from the satellite and remove noise as much as possible. Most antennas are usually parabolic, but there are also some multifocal antennas that are a combination of spherical and parabolic surfaces.

The satellite signal is reflected by the parabolic antenna and concentrated to its focal point. Satellite antennas can be divided into two types: forward feed and partial feed.