In the classical period of the West, in which period was classicism produced

Among the most powerful states of ancient Greece, Athens was the first, and Sparta was the second. The Spartans, also known as the Rasidsimon, were a branch of the Dorians who invaded the south. They entered the Lagonian plain at the end of the 11th century BC.

After the formation of the Spartan state, its inhabitants were divided into three classes: the Spartans were rulers with citizenship rights, all armed warriors; The Achaeans were small property owners who had no citizenship but personal freedom: the Helots were slaves of the Spartans, and their masters were engaged in agricultural production, and they fought with the army in war, and had no personal freedom.

The Spartans were all soldiers, and the degree of emphasis on military force over literature was extremely rare in human history, so much so that in the glorious classical Greek civilization, all major cultural achievements were not related to the Spartans. The Spartans formed a unique political system, the whole society lived a militarized life, and the education that children loved from childhood was military training. In order to prevent the Spartans from dividing the rich and the poor within themselves, the Spartans were not allowed to engage in industry and commerce, and instead of gold and silver as currency, they used iron coins of low value.

The Spartans were not allowed to engage in any other livelihood except the military. The Spartans admired the spirit of force, and the Spartan society was equivalent to a large military camp with strict management.

In parallel with military training, the Spartans instilled in children the idea that the Spartans were noble and the Shilots were inferior.

In the city of Sparta, there is hardly a magnificent building to be seen, and the Spartans did not produce a single elaborate work of art to pass on to future generations. The Spartans practiced"Two-kingship".The two kings had unlimited power only when they were at war, one as commander in chief, and the other as a ruler.

Normally, all major issues are made up of 30 people"Council of Elders"Decision. There were 5 consuls who assisted the king in his administration. All major matters concerning the city-state were decided by the Council of Elders.

However, the nomination must be passed by the citizens' assembly in order to be valid.

Sparta's long-term foreign wars continued to intensify the oppression and exploitation of the Helots. The heroic Shilo revolted several times. In 464 BC, the Helots in Sparta revolted again.

Brave and tenacious, they approached the city of Sparta and persisted in a ten-year struggle. The Spartans, in desperation, gave freedom to the rebels. Sparta's rule was dealt a heavy blow as a result.

It was not without people in Sparta who volunteered to serve as mercenaries, but there were not many of them. The vast majority of Spartan mercenaries were forced to leave due to domestic problems, such as poverty, or political defeat, and were exiled, and those who went out were basically mercenary leaders or small leaders, using Spartan training methods to train recruits.

Sansibas, it is said that it was indeed cooked by the Carthaginian rabbits and dead dogs, and thrown into the sea to feed the fish. However, it is only said that I have not turned over Levi's book, so I am not too sure.

Classicism is a product of the period of development of European commercial capital, which arose in the 17th century. It is an artistic trend popular in the transition period from feudal society to capitalist society in Europe from the 17th century to the early 19th century, and it is the fifth period of Western history. Representative figures are:

Haydn, Mozart, Beethoven.

Classicism was formed and flourished in France in the 17th century, and then spread to other European countries. In France, from the beginning of the 17th century to around 1660, it was a stage of gradual formation of classicism, which was mainly manifested in the stereotype of classicist literary language and the establishment of various literary genres. The poet Malaiber and the grammarian Volgera, among others, played a large role in this.

Classicism

"Classicism" is one of the most common concepts in art appreciation and aesthetics, such as classicism**, classicism architecture, classicism poetry, and of course, classicism painting. Concepts that are "familiar" but not necessarily "detailed" – some of them are somewhat complex compared to other genres – require the necessary "roundabouts" to explain clearly.

Classicism, as a style of painting and a method of creation, existed in ancient Rome. And as an artistic trend, it is much later. In fact, the classicism that people come into contact with, or talk about, is often a classicism that is ambiguous, mixed, and blurred.

Therefore, to understand and understand this school, we should first find out what kind of classicism is, whether it is classicism in style and method or classicism advocated by the trend of thought.

1. The Classical Period (or the Classical Era) is a broad term for the long cultural history of the Greco-Roman world (centered on the Mediterranean, including a series of ancient Greece and Rome) (English: Greco-Roman world), and it is the era of prosperity of Greek and Roman literary works (such as Escuzos, Ovid, Homer, etc.). The classical period was biased towards speculative spine literature.

2. The classical era refers to the historical period in which the city-states flourished and declined in ancient Greece from the fifth century BC to the middle of the fourth century after the Greco-Persian Wars, and is a part of the history of ancient Greece and belongs to the category of history.

The Classical Era (5th-mid-4th century BC) was an important historical epoch in the history of Ancient Greece.

It is divided into two periods, the first period is the era of prosperity of the city-state, and the later period is the prosperity and decline of the city-state system. The starting point of this important historical phase was the war between Greece and Persia, in which the Greek states fought each other for hegemony after their victory over Persia. In 431 BC, the Peloponnesian War broke out between Sparta and Athens, and after that, the Ionian War led to the decline of Sparta and Macedonia to rise in the north.

After the Battle of Chaeronea in 338 BC, the Greek states were officially under Macedonia's control, ending the classical era.

It refers to the period from the beginning of "Ancient Greece" to the fall of the "Western Roman Empire".