What is the connection between viral DNA and bacterial plasmids

Viral DNA is the same as that of bacterial plasmids, both are composed of deoxyribonucleotides, and neither has a non-coding region. The difference is that viruses are usually double-stranded (and there are single-stranded ones) and plasmids are circular, and viruses are genetic material, and plasmids are usually not genetic material (bacterial nucleoids are often genetic material), and that's all I know, and I hope it can help you.

The genetic material of viruses is double-stranded DNA, double-stranded RNA, single-stranded DNA, or single-stranded RNA, but no virus carries both DNA and RNA, and there is no loop.

Plasmid is double-stranded cyclic DNA, which exists in prokaryotic cells, has a role in gender recognition in Escherichia coli, mainly relies on the rolling ring replication of plasmids, and is widely used in cell engineering, mainly used for transducing specific genes into host cells for specific expression.

In essence, the composition of viral DNA and plasmid DNA is the same, whether it is homologous depends on the evolution of prokaryotic cells and viruses, and it is generally believed that viruses are the leakage of some fragments of genetic material in cells, formed by special packaging, but there is no conclusive evidence that it is a pre-existing prokaryotic cell or a pre-existing virus.

Viruses are divided into DNA and RNA viruses, as well as prions, which contain only proteins.

However, there is a hypothesis that the plasmid is a virus that is infected with bacteria, and then transferred to a non-lytic cycle to live with bacteria, and the evidence is that the DNA of the virus can be introduced into the plasmid and then transferred to other bacteria, and the plasmid can be expanded independently from the bacteria. So there should be some truth to this hypothesis.

No, bacteria are microorganisms and have cell tissues, but DNA viruses and RNA viruses don't seem to have them.

No. Viruses are mainly composed of genetic material and proteins, a form of material between life and non-life, a genome composed of one or more nucleic acid molecules (DNA or RNA) with a protective outer shell of proteins or lipoproteins. Some viruses have envelopes and spikes, such as influenza viruses.

Viruses are the tiniest and simplest class of non-cellular microorganisms.

The virus must be inside a living cell to show its vital activity. Leave living cells and cannot multiply. Viruses reproduce by self-replication.

The general structure of the virus: the basic structure is the core (nucleic acid) and the capsid (protein or lipoprotein), which make up the nucleocapsid. Some viruses have an envelope and envelope granules (also called spikes) outside the nucleocapsid.

Viruses do not have cytoplasm, cell membranes.

Nucleus. A virus is a small, simple non-cellular organism that contains only one nucleic acid (DNA or RNA) and must parasitize and replicate in living cells. A virus is a non-cellular life form, it is composed of a long nucleic acid chain and a protein coat, and the virus has no metabolic mechanism of its own, no enzyme system.

As a result, when the virus leaves the host cell, it becomes a chemical substance that has no life activity and cannot reproduce on its own. Once in the host cell, it can use the material and energy in the cell, as well as the ability to copy, transcribe, and translate, according to the genetic information contained in its own nucleic acids.

Generate a new generation of viruses like it.

It has no rigid cell structure, only a protein shell on the outside and nucleic acids (DNA or RNA) on the inside

Other words. Viruses do not have cytoplasm, membranes, nuclei.

No. Viruses are non-cellular organisms and do not have the structure of cells. Of course, there is no cell membrane, cytoplasmic nucleus.

The so-called virus is a living organism parasitic on a cell (so it will be much smaller than a cell, there may be a lot of viruses in a cell), the virus generally has DNA or RNA as genetic material inside, and protein as a shell outside, its structure is so simple, the genetic material is injected into the cell and then begins to reproduce. This cell is also unlucky. The so-called cytoplasm, nucleus, etc. are all components of cells, and viruses do not have such advanced structures!

Viruses are a special class of organisms that have no cellular structure, and their genetic material is DNA or RNA

Most organisms on Earth have a cellular structure, but viruses are different, like extraterrestrials, because the structure is very different, only protein shells and RNA.

Viruses are not living organisms, only living things have cells, and viruses are just parasites.

Categories: Education, Science, >> Science & Technology.

Problem description: Plants, animals, fungi, and bacteria all have cell structures, why don't they have disease and poison?

Analysis: Khan The landlord must not believe what Liu Binwan said that "viruses are made of bacteria" or anything like that.

Originally, the first floor was very good, but the answer on the second floor was too much to read.

All life on Earth is divided into five realms (there are also six or three realms, but there is no essential difference).

They are the kingdom Animalia, the kingdom of plants, the kingdom of fungi, the kingdom of bacteria and the kingdom of viruses.

The first four are made up of cells, the first three of which are eukaryotic cells and the fourth of which are prokaryotic cells.

The fifth realm, the virus kingdom, is different from the first four in that it has no cell structure. The structure of a typical virus is as follows: a shell is made up of proteins, and the space inside stores the genetic material of the virus; In other words, there are no structures such as membranes and organelles that are hallmarks in the cell.

Generally speaking, any organelle is much larger than a normal-sized virus, so the virus has no cellular structure.

Answer]: The difference between microbial plasmid DNA and chromosomal DNA is: The molecular weight of the chromosome DNA of the host cell is significantly larger than the molecular weight of the plasmid DNA contained in the cell, such as the DNA molecule of the chromosome of Escherichia coli, and the vectors commonly used in genetic engineering are generally less than 10kb, 1 100 106

DA (Dalton, Dalton). Escherichia coli chromosomal plasmid DNA is more alkali-resistant than host cell chromosomal DNA. Plasmids carry a lesser amount of genetic information.

Due to the small molecular weight of plasmid DNA, the genetic information carried by the chromosomes of the host cell is much less than that carried by the chromosomes of the host cell, and the genetic information carried by each cell controls the metabolic activities of cell life are very different. Generally speaking, the genetic information carried by cell chromosomes controls the primary metabolism and some secondary metabolism related to its life and death, while the genetic information carried by plasmids is generally only related to some secondary characteristics of the host cell, and is not necessary for the survival of the cell. Plasmids in some bacteria are also transferable.

That is, some plasmids can be transferred from donor cells to recipient cells through cell-to-cell adaptation or other pathways. For example, cells with penicillium-resistant plasmids can horizontally transfer penicillium-resistant plasmids to other types of cells, allowing the latter to acquire penicillin-resistant properties. Integrability.

Under certain conditions, the citrus DNA can be reversibly integrated into the host cell chromosome and can be re-detached. Recombinability. Genes between different plasmids and between the chromosomes of the plasmid and the host cell can be recombined to form a new recombinant plasmid, so that the host cell has new expressive traits.

Eliminability. After some physical and chemical factors such as heating, or the addition of Yadine orange or mitozoma slipperin C, ethidium bromide, etc., the plasmid can be eliminated, but it will not affect the survival and life activities of the host cell, but the host cell loses some phenotypic traits controlled by the genetic information carried by the plasmid. Plasmids can also disappear on their own for unknown reasons.

Similarities:

can be replicated autonomously.

Once it disappears, it no longer appears in the cells of the offspring.

Their DNA makes up only a small fraction of the chromosomal DNA. Differences:

Plasmid DNA has a simple structure, which is generally a small circular DNA molecule, and does not form some complex structure together with other substances.

The function of plasmid DNA is more diverse than that of autologous replicating organelles, but it is generally not necessary, and their disappearance does not affect the survival of the host bacteria.

Many bacterial plasmids can be automatically transferred from one bacterium to another through cellular contact, making both bacteria bacteria with this plasmid.