In the Westernization Movement, where are the main locations of Western style enterprises Please bri

Distribution characteristics: These enterprises are concentrated in coastal and riverside treaty ports, especially in Shanghai, followed by Guangzhou, and Wuhan occupies the third. The overall characteristic is that there are more in the east and less in the west.

Reason: Nature: convenient transportation along the east coast and along the river, multiple ports and wharves, convenient transportation, conducive to the entry and exit of goods, and can reduce transportation costs;

Society: 1 The eastern part is severely invaded by foreign capital, and the natural economy.

The disintegration is deeper than that of the western region, which is conducive to the development of modern enterprises.

2. The eastern coastal rivers were the center of China's economy at that time. The economy is developing rapidly.

3. Affected by the "European wind and beautiful rain", the eastern society has a high degree of modernization, rapid development of education, and more promising talents.

— The dividing line of book answers.

The above is a textbook answer, which has some truth but may not be correct, and the answer in the exam is correct, but it is not suitable as "knowledge".

Let's reorganize the Westernization movement again.

The main enterprises:

The Anqing Arsenal is located in Anqing, which was owned by Zeng Guofan.

Establish; Zeng Guofan was the governor of Liangjiang at the time.

Lead the Hunan army against the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom.

Its subordinate is located in Anqing.

Tianjin Machinery Manufacturing Bureau is located in Tianjin, established by Chonghou: Chonghou was the governor of Zhili at that time, and his subordinates were in Tianjin.

Jiangnan Manufacturing General Bureau is located in Shanghai and is operated by Li Hongzhang.

Establishment: Li Hongzhang was the governor of Liangjiang at the time, and his subordinates were in Nanjing but stationed in Shanghai.

The Hanyang Arsenal is located in Hanyang, Hubei, and was established by Zhang Zhidong: Zhang Zhidong was the governor of Huguang at the time, and his government was in Hanyang.

The Jinling Machinery Manufacturing Bureau is located in Nanjing and was established by Li Hongzhang: Li Hongzhang was the governor of Liangjiang at the time, and his subordinates were in Nanjing.

The Fuzhou Shipbuilding Bureau is located in Fuzhou, by Zuo Zongtang.

Establish; Zuo Zongtang was the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang at the time, and his government was in Fuzhou.

Xi'an Machinery Bureau is located in Xi'an and was established by Zuo Zongtang; Zuo Zongtang was moved from the governor of Fujian and Zhejiang to the governor of Shaanxi and Gansu, and the yamen was in Lanzhou, and there was a yamen in Xi'an.

At a glance: the distribution of major foreign enterprises, on the surface, is mostly "southeast coast", but in fact it is completely the location of the first to create.

The reason is also very simple: because the Westernization movement enterprises are government-run transactions, their distribution is bound to coincide with the political trajectory of the creation of **; On the other hand, the distribution of Western-style enterprises is synchronized with the political career of the founder, which also strongly reflects the government-run nature of the Westernization movement.

The coastal area is strategically located because of the developed transportation.

The southeast coast...

The southeast coast is strategically located, convenient to the outside world, and people's minds are relatively open-minded and receptive to new things.

The foundation for the earliest invasion of foreigners is good.

Southeast Coast The southeast coastal cities were the first to become treaty ports.

Li Hongzhang Shanghai General Manufacturing Bureau Impact: It was the largest arsenal in China at that time.

1. The Westernization Movement has the characteristics of dependence, feudalism, and decadence. The details are as follows:

1. Dependence on Western powers. The Westernization Movement learned from the practical science and technology of the West, and had to rely on the Western powers in science and technology, and the military industries created were all modeled after the West;

2. It is feudal. The purpose of the Westernization Movement was to maintain the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty, not to modernize China.

3. Management is corrupt. In the process of establishing military and civilian enterprises, the Westernization Movement still adopted the management style of feudal officials, which led to the military industry having enterprise diseases such as high cost and low efficiency, backward management, and ultimately led to the failure of the movement.

2. Introduction to the Westernization Movement:

The Westernization Movement, also known as the Late Qing Self-Help Movement and the Self-Improvement Movement. It was a self-help movement carried out by the Westernists of the late Qing Dynasty from the 60s to the 90s of the 19th century to introduce Western military equipment, machine production and science and technology to maintain feudal rule. The slogan in the early stage of the Westernization Movement was "self-improvement", and the slogan in the later stage was "seeking prosperity".

Although the Westernization Movement did not make China rich and strong for more than 30 years, the Westernization Movement introduced advanced science and technology from the West, which led to the emergence of the first batch of modern enterprises in China, which objectively played a role in promoting the emergence and development of China's national capitalism.

1.The purpose of seeking wealth through self-improvement is fundamentally to maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty. 2.With the idea of "Chinese style and Western use", it did not touch the feudal system. 3.It was a failed reform.

The main contents of the Westernization Movement are found in high school textbooks, and there are four main aspects: First, the establishment of military industries, mainly including the Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau founded by Li Hongzhang, the Tianjin Machine Manufacturing Army founded by Chonghou, the Fuzhou Shipbuilding Bureau founded by Zuo Zongtang, and the Anqingnei Ordnance Institute of Zeng Guofan; second, the establishment of civilian industries, mainly including the steamship China Merchants Bureau and Kaiping Coal Mine founded by Li Hongzhang, and the Hubei Weaving Layout and Hanyang Iron Works founded by Zhang Zhidong;

Third, it planned coastal defense and established three navies: Beiyang, Nanyang and Fujian; Fourth, it is necessary to train modern talents, open new-style schools and send students to study abroad, mainly in the fields of translation, military affairs, and scientific and technological personnel.

The nature is: a self-help movement of the landlord class to maintain feudal rule.

Contents: 1. Establish a military industry under the slogan of "self-improvement"; 2. Later, in order to solve the problems of raw materials, capital and transportation, he founded a civilian industry under the slogan of "seeking wealth"; 3. Planning coastal defense in the seventies of the nineteenth century; 4. Establish a new school and send international students.

Nature: The self-help movement of the feudal landlord class.

Content. 1.Creation of a modern military industry.

2.Establishment of modern civil industry. 3.

Coastal defense was planned and three modern Chinese navies were created. 4.Establish a new type of school.

Quality. It was a self-help campaign of failed feudal rulers. [History textbook for the second year of junior high school].

After the Second Opium War, coupled with the heavy blow of the Taiping Rebellion, in the face of how to solve the problem of internal and external troubles, Westernists and diehards appeared within the Qing Dynasty. The Westernization faction is represented by Prince Gong in the first place, and Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo Zongtang, and Zhang Zhidong are represented in the local area. In the process of negotiating with foreign invaders and suppressing the people's uprisings, they realized that the foreign powers were strong in ships and guns, and had sophisticated technology, and advocated the use of advanced Western science and technology to maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty.

The diehards were represented by the university scholar Woren. They were conservative, blindly xenophobic, hated all foreign things, and advocated maintaining the rule of the Qing Dynasty as it was. The two factions attacked each other and had a heated argument.

The supreme ruler at that time, the Empress Dowager Cixi, believed that in order to protect the ruling position of the Qing Dynasty in the situation of internal and external difficulties, it was necessary to rely on the Westernists who had strength and were appreciated by foreign invaders. So, at first, she adopted the strategy of temporarily supporting the Westernists.

In 1861, the Qing Dynasty set up the Prime Minister's Yamen, which was the leading institution to promote the Westernization Movement. However, the power of the Westernists is not mainly in **, but in the governors and governors who hold the real power of the localities. From the 60s to the 90s of the 19th century, this Westernization movement called "Shiyi Long Skills to Self-improvement" was set off.

The rise of the Westernization movement.

After the Second Opium War, some of the more enlightened commissioners within the Qing Dynasty ruling group advocated the use of Western advanced technology to strengthen the army and enrich the country to maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty. Represented by Prince Gong Xixi, in the local area to Zeng Guopan, Li Hongzhang, Zuozong After the Second Opium War, some more enlightened commissioners within the Qing Dynasty ruling group advocated the use of Western advanced technology, strengthening the army and enriching the country, and maintaining the rule of the Qing Dynasty. After the Second Opium War, some of the more enlightened commissioners within the ruling group of the Qing Dynasty advocated the use of advanced Western technology, strengthening the army and enriching the country, and maintaining the rule of the Qing Dynasty. From the 60s to the mid-90s of the 19th century, they first set off the Westernization movement of Yiyang aimed at self-improvement and prosperity in the mid-90s of the 19th century.

The self-help movement of the landlord class is represented by Zeng Guofan, Li Hongzhang, Zuo Zongtang, and Zhang Zhidong.

From the 60s to the 90s of the 19th century.

It advocates learning from and introducing advanced Western science and technology.

Economy: Laid the foundation of China's modern industry.

Politics: 1. There is a certain resistance to foreign aggression. 2. Promote the rise of national capitalism in the military: lay the foundation of China's modern military.

Culture: It promoted the spread of capitalist culture in China and laid the foundation for the bourgeois revolution that followed.

Positive role: It has promoted China's modernization, and has made significant progress in science and technology (especially in military industry), education, military, and ideology. It also resisted the economic aggression of the great powers to a certain extent and "enriched the people".

Establishment of modern enterprises. The Westernists were the first to set up a military industry. Beginning in the 79s of the 19th century, in addition to continuing the semi-military industry, the Westernists also set up civilian enterprises under the banner of "seeking wealth".

2.Establish a new type of navy and army. The Eighth Banner Army and local armed forces set up foreign gun teams and equipped them with foreign guns and artillery.

In 1874, the proposal of coastal defense arose, and by the 90s of the 19th century, the Fujian Naval Division, the Guangdong Naval Division, the Nanyang Naval Division and the Beiyang Naval Division were built. 3.Establish a new school and send international students.

To organize Western-style affairs, it is necessary to have professionals who understand the advanced technology of the West, and for this reason, the Western-style faction has set up some cultural and educational undertakings. The School of Translation, the School of Crafts and the School of Military Affairs were founded. It also sends government-funded international students to study in Britain, France, Germany and other countries.