What was built by the Westernization Movement and the historical role of the Westernization Movement

Westernization movement. The content is very large, involving military, political, economic, diplomatic, and so on, and in the name of "self-improvement," the army and navy that set up military industries and set up other enterprises around the military industry and establish new equipment are its main contents. Since the 60s, modern military industries such as Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, Fuzhou Shipbuilding Bureau, and Anqingnei Ordnance Institute have been established.

Among them, the Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau was the first large government-run military factory in China, which was established by Li Hongzhang in 1865.

Founded in Shanghai, the factory has more than 2,000 people, mainly manufacturing guns, ammunition, mines and other military supplies, as well as ships, and began to manufacture ships after 1867. The Fuzhou Shipbuilding Bureau is clear.

The largest shipyard was founded in 1866 by Zuo Zongtang.

Founded in Fuzhou, the factory has more than 1,700 people, mainly manufacturing large and small warships. Anqing Arsenal is the earliest modern arsenal opened in the Qing Dynasty, which was established by Zeng Guofan in December 1861.

Founded in Anqing, the factory is not large, mainly manufacturing bullets, gunpowder, artillery shells, etc. In addition to the above-mentioned factories, we also send international students to learn technology. However, in the process of setting up the military industry, the Westernists encountered problems that were difficult to solve, the most important of which were difficulties in capital, raw materials, fuel, and transportation.

Therefore, under the slogan of "seeking prosperity", the Westernists began to adopt the methods of government-run, government-supervised and business-run and government-business joint operation from the 70s onwards, and set up civilian enterprises such as the China Merchants Steamship Bureau, the Kaiping Mining Bureau, the Tianjin Telegraph Bureau, the Tangshan Xugezhuang Railway, the Shanghai Machine Weaving Layout, and the Lanzhou Weaving Bureau. At the same time, the Westernists also began to plan for coastal defense, and in 1884 they initially established the Nanyang, Beiyang, and Fujian navies. After the Westernists took control of the naval yamen, they further expanded the Beiyang fleet.

Construction of Lushun Dock and Weihai Weijun Port.

The Westernization Movement opened a series of military and civilian industries, including the Anqing Machinery Institute, the Hanyang Iron Works, the Fuzhou Shipbuilding Bureau, the Shanghai Weaving Layout, the Kaiping Mining Bureau, and other civilian industries, opened a series of schools, selected and sent students abroad, and established a modern army, which cultivated a group of modern talents for China, started the process of China's modernization, and laid the foundation for the development of national capitalism.

At first, it was a government-run military enterprise, and later a government-run civilian enterprise.

There is the Anqing Armory Institute, where machines are manufactured to mark the beginning of modern industry.

There is a layout of Fuzhou weaving, and Kaiping Coal Mine (which is of great historical significance, because its high-quality and low-cost coal mines in the production area resist foreign coal and also provide materials for other industrial development).

There is also the Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, etc.

Jiangnan Manufacturing Bureau, Fuzhou Shipbuilding Bureau, Kaiping Coal Mine ......

Jiangnan Manufacturing Administration.

Fuzhou Shipping Bureau.

China Merchants Steamship was opened.

Kaiping Mining Bureau, Tianjin Telegraph Bureau, Tangshan Xugezhuang Railway, Shanghai Machine Weaving Layout, Lanzhou Weaving Bureau.

Jinling Machinery Manufacturing Bureau.

Shipyards, telegraphs, railways, arsenals, steel mills, weaving mills and many ...

The Westernization Movement, also known as the Self-Help Movement and the Self-Improvement Movement.

It was a self-help movement carried out by the Westernists of the late Qing Dynasty from the 60s of the 19th century to the 90s of the 19th century to save the rule of the Qing Dynasty by introducing Western military equipment, machine production and science and technology.

The Westernization Movement promoted the development of modern China's productive forces and the emergence of Chinese national capitalism. The Westernists resisted the economic importation of foreign capitalism to a certain extent; The Westernization Movement opened a gap in the feudal education system; The Westernization Movement led to the modernization of national defense.

The Westernization Movement objectively promoted the development of China's productive forces, promoted the emergence and development of China's national capitalism, resisted the economic import of foreign capitalism to a certain extent, and promoted the modernization of China's education and national defense.

The impact of the Westernization Movement was:

In the process of building a military industry during the Westernization Movement, the most difficult problems to solve were the problems of capital, raw materials, transportation, and so on; after the military industry was established under the slogan of "self-improvement," the Westernists began to set up civilian enterprises after the slogan of "seeking prosperity," focusing on a series of projects that coordinated with the military industry, such as mining, smelting, shipping, and railways.

Under the advocacy of the Westernists, many dignitaries and dignitaries took pride in setting up Western-style affairs, which deeply shook the concept of "valuing agriculture over commerce" in China's civilization for thousands of years, which began with the Shang Dynasty reform, and promoted the development of China's modern economy and capitalism, so that the capitalist economic component increased significantly in the social economy, which was of great significance to the birth and development of China's modern enterprises and national capitalism.

The positive role of the Westernization Movement:

From the early 60s to the 90s of the 19th century, there was a temporary "Sino-foreign reconciliation" peace situation, and some enlightened people in the Qing ruling group adopted a series of measures of "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth" in order to maintain the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty.

In addition, it has objectively promoted the development of China's productive forces, promoted the emergence and development of China's national capitalism, resisted the economic import of foreign capitalism to a certain extent, and promoted the modernization of China's education and national defense.