What was the reason for the Westernization Movement?

The reason for the rise of the Westernization Movement was the internal and external difficulties of the Qing Dynasty, which was carried out to maintain the unity of the Qing Dynasty.

After the defeat of the two Opium Wars and the blow of the Taiping Heavenly Kingdom, the Qing Dynasty was in a difficult situation both internally and externally, and some bureaucrats of the Qing Dynasty began to realize the power of Western ships and artillery. In order to relieve internal and external troubles, realize the prosperity of the country and strengthen the army, and maintain the rule of the Qing Dynasty, he began to learn Western culture and advanced technology.

In addition, the general environment of the world is beginning to change. Western capitalism began to sprout. Farmers and craftsmen have worked for a long time, accumulated experience, improved the tools of production, and agriculture developed.

Machines began to appear in textiles, metallurgy, etc. Under the impetus of the industrial revolution and the Westernization Movement, the capitalist world system had been preliminarily completed, and mankind had entered a new period, which was also the inevitable development of history.

Positive effect

From the early 60s to the 90s of the 19th century, there was a temporary "Sino-foreign reconciliation" peace situation, and some enlightened people in the Qing ruling group adopted a series of measures of "self-improvement" and "seeking wealth" in order to maintain the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty.

1) Taiping. Sky. national movements and foreign invasions. Slightly shocked the clear. The unity of the dynasty. Govern;

2) The Westernists advocated "self-improvement through self-improvement" and maintained the unity of the Qing Dynasty. Govern;

3) The diehards stick to the old ways and blindly reject all foreign things;

4) Total. After the establishment of the Li Yamen, the Manchu Qing Dynasty headed by Cixi. The Ruler temporarily supported the Westernists, who were later powerful and appreciated by foreign invaders;

5) Industrial leather. The expansion of life and the formation of the situation of "reconciliation between China and foreign countries" are foreign affairs. The development of the movement. It was possible.

The Westernization movement was feudal. The guiding ideology of the Westernization Movement was to "take the middle school as the body and learn from the West as the application", that is, under the guidance of the feudal ideology, under the condition of maintaining the feudal superstructure and economic foundation, some modern enterprises should be developed to serve the maintenance of the feudal rule of the Qing Dynasty.

However, the new productive forces are incompatible with the feudal relations of production and its superstructure, and cannot be fully developed under the shackles of feudalism. The Westernists wanted to develop modern enterprises, but also adopted monopoly management, embezzlement of commercial shares and other means to suppress national capital; They not only want to cultivate Western-style talents, but also do not want to change the feudal imperial examination system.

The Westernization Movement ended in failure, mainly because the policy thinking of closing the country to the outside world did not change fundamentally, and second, it was caused by the struggle of the internal group of the Qing Dynasty, and the internal struggle seriously affected the Westernization Movement. This eventually led to the defeat of the Westernization Movement.

1. The Westernization Movement promoted the development of productive forces in modern China and promoted the emergence of Chinese national capitalism;

2. The Westernists resisted the economic import of foreign capitalism to a certain extent;

3. The Westernization Movement opened the gap in the feudal education system;

4. The Westernization Movement promoted the modernization of national defense.