After the end of the Tang Dynasty, why did China s economic and cultural center of gravity shift sou

After the end of the Tang Dynasty, China's economic and cultural center of gravity shifted to the south, because China's economic Silk Road was in the south, and the south was more materially rich.

Because, after all, the development of the south is more favorable, so the economy and culture are moving south.

Because since ancient times, the environment of the south of our country has been better than that of the north, the economic development has been rapid, and the level of education is higher than that of the north, which is conducive to the development of the country.

Because the southerners at that time began to rise, they moved south.

Because the south has a better environment and climate than the north, which is more conducive to development.

Because China's economic path is better and more powerful in the south than in the north.

China's economic Silk Road is in the south, and the south is more materially rich.

In the imperial examination system of the Ming Dynasty, the northern and southern volume system was to be implemented, because there were cultural differences between the north and the south.

In the past, historians generally believed that since the Anshi Rebellion in the late Tang Dynasty (after 755), the economic center of gravity in China's historical period had begun to shift southward. After in-depth research, the author found that in fact, in the late Tang Dynasty, the center of gravity only began to shift southward in terms of political regions, population, and water conservancy, and other aspects were not too obvious.

Moreover, the so-called "south" actually mainly refers to the Huainan and Taihu Lake regions, and most of the southern part of the Yangtze River at this time was still undeveloped, so it cannot be rashly asserted that the economic center of gravity at that time had begun to move to the south, at most it can only be said that part of the economic center of gravity began to move south.

Therefore, taking this as a watershed in the southward shift of China's economic center of gravity is a delay of about 330 years from the time when the economic center of gravity began to shift southward in the late Tang Dynasty. Especially by the time of Chongning in the Northern Song Dynasty, the relatively backward areas in the south, such as Fujian, Jiangxi, and the Lianghu region, were all developing substantially.

In the north, most of the upper households in Shaanxi gave up their property and lived in Beijing, and the wealthy people in Hedong gave up their property and entered Sichuan and Shu. Hebei clothes are all over the world, and silkworm weaving is wasted; Shandong is frequently flooded, and the cultivation is out of time. It is the most concrete and powerful evidence of the Great Recession in the North.

Therefore, the southward shift of China's economic center of gravity can be said to have been initially formed in the late Northern Song Dynasty, and it was gradually completed in the Southern Song Dynasty.

In the Sui and Tang dynasties, the economy of northern China ushered in another great development. Due to the connection of the Beijing-Hangzhou Grand Canal, the northern region, especially Luoyang and Chang'an, was able to concentrate the manpower and material resources of the whole country.

These resources have turned Chang'an and Luoyang into a super metropolis. Coupled with the connection of the overland Silk Road, Chang'an and Luoyang became China's most important windows to the outside world at that time, attracting a large number of foreigners to live here.

After Qin Shi Huang conquered Lingnan in the south, he completely incorporated the southern region into the territory of the Central Plains Dynasty. In the eyes of the Chinese during the Qin and Han dynasties, the south of the Yangtze River was as backward as Africa is today. And today's most developed Guangdong, which is full of poisonous insects and beasts, is not suitable for human habitation at all.

1. Eastern Jin Dynasty and Southern Dynasties: Tend to be balanced. After the fall of the Western Jin Dynasty, the southern region experienced the regime change of the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties. During the Eastern Jin Dynasty and the Southern Dynasties, the economic development of Jiangnan narrowed the economic gap between the north and the south and tended to be balanced, which laid the foundation for the gradual southward shift of China's economic center of gravity in the future.

2. The Five Dynasties of the Sui and Tang Dynasties: Began to move south. During the Sui and Tang dynasties, the economies of both the north and the south achieved great development.

The land resources in the Jiangnan region have been further developed and have become an important grain producing area. However, after the Anshi Rebellion, there was a situation of feudal towns in the north, and the economy of the north was seriously damaged again.

Our country's economic center of gravity has begun to shift southward. During the period of the Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms, wars were frequent in the north, while there were fewer wars in the south and were relatively stable. Throughout the Five Dynasties period, China's economic center of gravity continued to shift southward, and the south increasingly became a developed area of the national economy, with the population exceeding that of the north.

3. Two Song Dynasty period: finally completed. During the Song and Song dynasties, wars were also frequent in the north.

After the fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, the Southern Song Dynasty regime was settled in the southeastern corner, which led to further economic development in the south. At that time, there was a proverb in the Taihu Lake basin that "the Suhu Lake is ripe, and the world is full", indicating that the agricultural production in the south of the Yangtze River has surpassed that of the north, completely replacing the position of the economic center of gravity in the north.

In the Yuan Dynasty, in order to solve the problem of "transporting grain from the south to the north", the Cao Yun was vigorously established, and the opening hall auctioned an unprecedented scale of shipping, which is enough to show the importance of the southern economy. It can be seen that the Southern Song Dynasty was the final stage of the southward shift of the economic center of gravity in ancient China. During the Ming and Qing dynasties, the status of the southern economic center was consolidated and developed.

The southward shift of the economic center of gravity in ancient China is a phenomenon of economic activity in Chinese history.

1. Began to move south: the period of the Three Kingdoms and the Two Jin Dynasties and the Northern and Southern Dynasties.

Prior to this, the economic development of the north far exceeded that of the south, and the economic center of gravity was in the north, although the economic center of gravity also changed during this period, but it was always moving east and west in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River. Since then, due to the development of Shu Han and Eastern Wu, the economy of the south has begun to develop.

2. The economic center of gravity shifted rapidly to the south: the Sui and Tang dynasties.

The center of gravity of the economy has shifted rapidly to the south, and economic development has basically tended to be balanced from the north to the south, and the south has begun to surpass the north. In the last years of the Western Jin Dynasty and the period of the Sixteen Kingdoms, the south where the Southern Dynasties were located was further developed, and the social and economic development of the south was faster than that of the north.

3. The southward movement was finally completed: from the Northern Song Dynasty to the Southern Song Dynasty.

During the Northern Song Dynasty, the southern economy continued to develop sustainably, and by the end of the Northern Song Dynasty, the economic center of gravity had completed the historical process of moving southward. The fall of the Northern Song Dynasty, the southern crossing of the Song Dynasty, and the beginning of the Southern Song Dynasty marked the shift of China's economic center of gravity to the southeast region, and China has steadily formed an economic pattern in which the southern economy is ahead of the north, and the most developed Jiangling region in the south has become the economic center of gravity of the country for a long time. Since then, after the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the situation of the south being more important than the north has not changed, and the economy of the south has become more prosperous. The economic center of gravity has always been in the South.

There were many wars in the north, while the south was relatively peaceful and stable.

Peasants from the north moved south in large numbers, bringing with them advanced production techniques and replenishing the labor force south of the Yangtze River.

In order to develop their strength, the rulers of Jiangnan have attached great importance to economic development and have adopted many measures to develop the economy, including the construction of water conservancy.

The working people of the north and south worked hard together to develop the south of the Yangtze River; The improvement of shipbuilding technology and the use of the compass have promoted the development of foreign trade.

The production conditions and natural environment in the south are relatively good.

The Yellow River Basin is the main birthplace of the Chinese nation and the earliest developed area of the former Zhengqing Dynasty in China, with a concentrated population and developed economy and culture, making it the earliest economic center. However, after the Anshi Rebellion, the north was greatly affected by the division of feudal towns, the rise of the Khitans, and the invasion of the south, and production was destroyed, while the south was relatively stable, and the population of the north began to migrate to the south in large numbers, bringing with them advanced production technology, and since then, the economic center of gravity has begun to shift to the south!

The reason for the economic development and closure of the Tang Dynasty is that its agriculture and handicraft sedan source Kaiye have made unprecedented breakthroughs, because of the use of new irrigation tools, coupled with the policy of cultivating wasteland in the fission industry.

The Tang Dynasty was not only strong and culturally open, but the capital Chang'an was an absolute international metropolis at that time, and the streets were full of foreigners. It is such an open culture and society that the Tang Dynasty produced leather shirts and gave birth to poets who did not hold the number of skins, making Tang poetry a major feature of the Tang Dynasty.

Mainly from the Tang Dynasty, all aspects of the Tang Dynasty developed relatively rapidly.

The impact of the southward shift of the economic center of gravity in ancient China is as follows:

The southward shift of the economic center of gravity directly promoted the further development of the commodity economy and the improvement of the degree of commercialization in the Yangtze River Basin, thus giving birth to a new mode of production that first sprouted in Jiangsu and Zhejiang and developed slowly. It has also made the products produced in the southeastern part of the Yangtze River basin and the taxes paid by the state apparatus an important material basis for the operation of the state apparatus, thus becoming an indispensable financial and economic location. At the same time, it also objectively contributed to the strengthening of the control of the rulers of the time in this area.

1. The impact on China's transportation. Due to the southward shift of the economic center of gravity, the rapid development of southern coastal cities has been caused, and maritime traffic and transportation have also been greatly improved. After the Southern Song Dynasty completed the southward shift of the economic center of gravity, the southern cities have benefited a lot until now.

Some cities with seaports have developed rapidly using sea and river transportation, promoting economic and political exchanges with neighboring countries.

2. Impact on population distribution. To a certain extent, the transfer of population has led to the shift of the economic center of gravity from the north to the south, and the southward shift of the economic center has in turn prompted the people of the north to move further south. The population of the south is expanding rapidly, and the proportion of the population in the south and southeast of the country is growing.

3. The impact on talent education. The southward shift of the economic center of gravity has led to corresponding changes in talent education, the most obvious of which is the change of champions. From the Tang Dynasty to the Ming and Qing dynasties, the geographical distribution of the champions' hometowns had an obvious trend of gradually moving from north to south.

In the Tang and Song dynasties, there were 68 champions from the north, accounting for 61 of the country's total, and the champions from the north had a clear advantage.

The geographical distribution of the three generations of champions in the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties has changed significantly from the previous generation, and there are 194 champions in the country during this period, of which only 26 are from the north, accounting for the total number of the country; There are 168 champions in the south, accounting for an absolute advantage in the number of champions from the south.

The fact that the southward shift of the economic center of gravity and the economic development of the south in ancient China were all completed under the conditions of war in the north and relative stability in the south, which shows that political stability is the premise and foundation of social and economic development, and that a war-torn and turbulent social environment can only destroy the social productive forces and destroy the fruits of economic development.

As a result of the war, a large number of people from the north moved south in ancient times, increasing the labor force of the south and bringing advanced production tools and technology to the south, which reflected the highest level of the development of social productive forces at that time, which shows that the hard work of the people of all nationalities and the progress of the productive forces are the most important factors in economic development, and the introduction and application of the most advanced production technology is an important guarantee for promoting rapid economic development.