16 times of European history, when did the modern history of Europe begin

In 16th-century Europe, Portugal and Spain were the strongest. Wars are generally fought at sea.

From about 1500 to 1800, or from the discovery of the New World in 1492 to 1789.

Since the end of the 15th century, marked by the great geographical discoveries, the Reformation, and the rise of the nation-state, Europe has entered the modern period. The modern era includes three centuries from the Middle Ages to the Industrial Revolution, from about 1500 to 1800, or from the discovery of the New World in 1492 to the French Revolution in 1789.

This period was marked by the rise in the importance of science, the rapid advancement of technology, and the emergence of secular civic politics and the nation-state. The capitalist economy began to develop in the republics of northern Italy, such as Genoa. Modern times have also witnessed the development and dominance of mercantilist economic theory.

Naturally, the modern era also represented the decline and eventual disappearance of feudal society, serfdom, and the authority of the Roman Catholic Church in most parts of Europe. This period also included the Protestant Reformation, the disastrous Thirty Years' War, the European colonization of the Americas, and the witch hunt in Europe.

In the early Ming Dynasty, Central Asia and European countries were still feudal societies, and in the middle and late Ming Dynasty, European countries had gradually transitioned to industrial societies (also capitalist societies).

During the Ming Dynasty, Europe had the Byzantine Empire, located in the eastern part of Europe, from 395 AD to 1453 AD.

Ottoman Empire, 1299-1853. Spanish Empire From the mid-16th century onwards, Spain from the 16th to the 17th century was in the first period, the undisputed hegemon of Europe, creating an era that was later called "peace under Spain".

After the British Empire defeated the Spanish Armada in 1588, Britain gradually replaced Spain as an emerging hegemonic power on the sea, and began to expand its overseas colonies to become a new generation of empires on which the sun never sets.

The Portuguese Empire was a global colonial empire in the 16th and 18th centuries.

Generally speaking, Britain was in civil strife for most of the time, at that time, it was at most a third-rate country, and France was about the same, but because it was divided into points in the United States, it was also considered a second-rate - first-class, Portugal and Spain, Portugal destroyed the Maya and gained North America, Spain destroyed the Inca and gained South America, and they were all defending against the Ottoman invasion at that time. Germany then belonged to the era of the Holy Roman Empire, popularly known as the First Germanic Empire. Italy was in the Renaissance at the time.

At the same time, the Ming won successive foreign wars in the early stage, but in the later period, because of the party struggle and the Xiaoice River era, the Ming became worse and worse in military and people's livelihood, but the military technology of the Ming Dynasty was not inferior to the Western Chongzhen invented the tunnel pistol in 7 years. And Central Asia belonged to the era of the four great khanates of Mongolia at that time, and Russia was the little brother for a hundred years! Moreover, the germination of capitalism in the late Ming Dynasty had reached a critical point, and the Donglin Party was the biggest evidence.

At that time, the West was led into a feudal society because of Byzantium. At that time, Eastern Europe had been fighting the Ottomans. And the wars of the Holy Roman Empire are also constant!

The more representative countries of the Indian subcontinent are the Shaybani dynasty, the Vichayana dynasty, the Mughal dynasty and the Delhi dynasty. In Japan, it was the Warring States period. In the United States, Huron, Shawnee, Creek, Inca, and Maya.

The more representative parts of Africa are Mali, Swahili and Zimbabwe. In Western Asia, the Mamluks and the Black and White Aries dynasties. The English Islands are two large and five small.

The Holy Roman Empire is more representative of Bavaria, Austria and the Teutonic Knights. Oshu is a barren place.

Central Asia was ruled by the Kipchak Khanate of Mongol descent, and Italy and Germany in Europe were not unified and were still in a city-state, so Venice was very famous at that time. Britain and France were still engaged in the Hundred Years' War.

You have to look at when. In the early days, all European countries were still feudal societies. In the middle and late Ming Dynasty, there was a gradual transition to an industrial society (also a capitalist society).

At the end of the Ming Dynasty, probably in the 17th century, the countries you were talking about were capitalist societies

Italian Renaissance.

Spain New shipping routes are being explored.

The British enclosure movement gave rise to a new aristocracy.

France and Germany successively renaissance and the emergence of capitalism.

The Renaissance also belongs to the Middle Ages, and the beginning of modern European history from the Industrial Revolution to the end of the European War (World War I) is basically the same as the modern history of the world.

There are many names, Renaissance, Age of Discovery, Age of Empire, and so on.

The European Reformation in the century was mainly an anti-feudal struggle of the bourgeoisie, and through the Reformation, the ideological foundation of early capitalism was laid.

2.The reforms promoted the formation of national languages and stimulated national consciousness in the countries of Europe. It gave birth to the National Church, independent of the Church of Rome, and contributed to the growth of European nation-states.

3.The Reformation transferred a large amount of church property into the hands of the bourgeoisie and contributed to the development of European capitalism.

4.Although Reformed Protestantism inevitably had religious limitations, its denial of the authority of Catholicism and the idea that believers read the Bible on their own would help to emancipate the people's minds.

5.The reforms laid the foundation for the emergence of an early bourgeois regime.

The European Middle Ages did not include the Renaissance, and the two were somewhat communicative in time, not subordinate.

The Middle Ages (c. 395-1500) was an era in European history (mainly in Western Europe), starting from the fall of the Western Roman Empire until the rise of totalitarianism after the Renaissance.

The Renaissance was an intellectual and cultural movement that arose in Italian cities in the 14th century and flourished in Europe in the 16th century, bringing about a period of scientific and artistic revolution and opening the prelude to modern European history, which is considered to be the boundary between the Middle Ages and the modern era.

The germ of the Renaissance was actually produced by the germ of capitalism, and with the development of capitalism, the Renaissance in the European Middle Ages continued to develop, and was carried forward in the more than 100 years after the Middle Ages passed.

No, the Renaissance is a period dedicated to it, also known as the Enlightenment period. The Middle Ages--- Enlightenment --- modern times.