What are the chemical and physical properties of organic matter?

Organic matter is the abbreviation for organic compounds, and all organic matter contains the element carbon. In addition to carbon, organic matter may also contain several other elements. Such as h, n, s, etc.

It's hard to say about the physical properties, but there are more than 9 million known organic substances.

But most organic matter is insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents, and has a low melting point. The vast majority of organic matter is easy to decompose and burn when heated. The reaction of organic matter is generally slow and is often accompanied by side reactions. There are exceptions

Remove organic matter from raw water.

There are oxidation methods, such as adding hydrogen peroxide, high manganese and potassium and then distilling.

Direct distillation with different boiling points, but the purity will not be very high, there will always be organic matter in the gas phase, and the only way to improve the purity is distillation.

The size of the molecule can be used by reverse osmosis.

There is also a biodegradable method that can be re-filtered

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Many polymer organic compounds are insoluble in water, but most of the small organic compounds with hydrophilic groups such as hydroxyl groups are soluble in water.

In addition, there is too much organics. Chemical and physical properties cannot be stated in general terms.

For organic matter that is insoluble in water. From the point of view of secondary school chemistry, it can be removed by dispensing. If it is a trace or trace amount, from the perspective of analytical chemistry, it can be oxidized by adding a strong inorganic oxidant.

For water-soluble organics, they can be separated by temperature-controlled distillation (or fractionation).

Organic matter is insoluble in water.

Clear the method with dispensing.

The range is too large.

The more substances involved, the less characteristic they have.

Organic matter in water can be oxidized.

It can also be distilled directly.

The properties of organic compounds are as follows:

1. Most of them are covalent compounds, and the solid state is a molecular crystal, with a low melting point and boiling point, and a small polarity, which is a non-electrolyte.

2. Most of them are flammable and easy to decompose when heated.

3. Most of them are insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents.

4. The reaction of organic matter is mostly molecular reaction, and the reaction speed is slow, and heating, light or catalyst are often required.

Organic compounds in the narrow sense mainly refer to the local cherry composed of carbon elements and hydrogen elements, which must be carbon-containing compounds, but do not include carbon oxides and sulfides, carbonic acid, carbonates, cyanides, thiocyanides, cyanates, carbides, carboanes, carbonyl ** genus, metal-organic ligand complexes without M-C bonds, and some metal-organic compounds that are mainly studied in inorganic chemistry.

Organic matter is the material basis for the production of life, and all living organisms contain organic compounds, such as fats, amino acids, proteins, sugars, heme, chlorophyll, enzymes, hormones, etc. The metabolism of organisms and the genetic phenomena of organisms are involved in the transformation of organic residue compounds.

In addition, many substances that are closely related to human life, such as oil, natural gas, cotton, dyes, chemical fibers, plastics, plexiglass, natural and synthetic drugs, etc., are closely related to organic compounds.

Organics usually refer to carbon-containing compounds, or hydrocarbon-containing compounds and their derivatives are collectively referred to as organics. Organic matter is generally insoluble in water, soluble in organic solvents, and has a low melting point. The vast majority of organic matter is easy to decompose and burn when heated.

The reaction of organic matter is generally slow and is often accompanied by side reactions. There are many types of organic matter, which can be divided into two categories: hydrocarbons and derivatives of hydrocarbons. According to the different functional groups contained in organic molecules, they are divided into alkanes, alkenes, alkynes, aromatic hydrocarbons and alcohols, aldehydes, carboxylic acids, esters and so on.

According to the carbon frame structure of organic molecules, it can also be divided into three categories: open-chain compounds, carbon ring compounds and heterocyclic compounds.

Organic compounds contain carbon, most of which are soluble in water, easily decomposed and flammable when heated, non-conductive, and have a low melting point.

The characteristics of organic compounds are as follows:

1. There are many organic compounds, and they are self-contained.

In addition to carbon, there are a few elements such as hydrogen, oxygen, sulfur, nitrogen, phosphorus and halogens. However, the number of organic compounds is extremely large, with more than 10 million to date, and the number of organic compounds newly synthesized or newly isolated and identified by the medical education network is increasing day by day. The total number of inorganic compounds, which are made up of more than 100 elements other than carbon, is less than one-tenth of that of organic compounds.

2. Poor thermal stability and easy combustion.

Compared with typical inorganic compounds, organic compounds are generally unstable to heat, and some can even decompose at room temperature. Although most organic compounds are stable at room temperature, they are heated in a crucible, i.e., carbonized and blackened, and do not leave ashes after complete combustion (except for salts of organic acids, etc.). This is one of the easy ways to identify organic compounds.

3. Low melting point.

The melting point of organic compounds is usually lower than that of inorganic compounds, and they generally melt below 300.

4. Insoluble in water and soluble in organic solvents.

Most organic compounds are easily soluble in organic solvents but insoluble in water. However, when the molecule of an organic compound contains a hydroxyl group, a sulfo group, etc., which can form a hydrogen bond with water, the organic compound may also be soluble in water.

5. The reaction speed is slow, and side reactions often occur.

Although there are some substances with a high degree of ionization in organic acids and bases, most organic compounds have a small degree of ionization. Therefore, many organic reactions, which are generally intermolecular reactions with slow reaction speeds, often require heating or the use of catalysts, and there are few ionic reactions that occur instantaneously. In addition, decomposition or substitution reactions occur at one point in the molecule, and in most cases, the reaction occurs in stages.

Organic compounds:

Abbreviated as "organics". A general term for carbon compounds (other than inorganic carbides), hydrocarbons and their derivatives. It has the characteristics of large volatility, low melting and boiling points, flammable, soluble in organic solvents, etc.

Most of them are made from oil, coal, and natural gas, which are artificially synthesized.

1.A tetrahedral three-dimensional structure with carbon atoms as the center and 4 hydrogen atoms at the four vertices. In the CH4 molecule, the four C—H bonds are completely identical, and the angle between the two carbon-hydrogen bonds is 109°28.

2.Organic matter is the material basis of life, and all buried tardimen contain organic compounds, such as fats, amino acids, proteins, sugars, heme, chlorophyll, enzymes, hormones, etc. The metabolism of organisms and the genetic phenomena of organisms are involved in the transformation of organic compounds.

In addition, many liquid-only substances that are closely related to human life, such as oil, natural gas, cotton, dyes, chemical fibers, plastics, plexiglass, natural and synthetic drugs, etc., are closely related to organic compounds.