How many new types of glass have been invented in China

The memory glass can record what happened overnight, and the owner will know what happened last night when he comes to check it in the morning?

The concept of new glass has been changed too broadly, and the new glass that is currently used more is mainly developed abroad. The main companies are Corning, Saint-Gobain, PPG, Asahi Glass, etc. The technology extensibility of glass itself is limited, and it is currently relatively new and highly used or low-e, ITO, etc.

Gorillas are also considered to be the leaders in the integration of high-tech in the glass industry, but unfortunately the current Chinese glass industry is still in a situation of overcapacity and lack of innovation.

This is too complicated, a lot of the known data is already on the surface, and some of it may be because the use has not been announced, anyway, there are a lot.

Egypt, about 1000 BC, China made colorless glass, and the widespread use should be after the Industrial Revolution.

Glass was originally formed by the solidification of acidic rocks ejected from volcanoes. Around 3700 B.C., the ancient Egyptians had already produced glass ornaments and simple glassware, which at that time only had tinted glass. About 1000 BC, colorless glass was manufactured in China.

In the 12th century AD, commercial glass appeared and began to become an industrial material. In the 18th century, in order to meet the needs of the development of telescopes, optical glass was produced. In 1873, Belgium was the first to produce flat glass.

In 1906, the United States produced a flat glass lead-in machine. Since then, with the industrialization and large-scale production of glass, glass for various purposes and various properties has been introduced. In modern times, glass has become an important material in daily life, production and in the field of science and technology.

More than 3,000 years ago, a European Phoenician merchant ship, laden with the crystalline mineral "natural soda", sailed on the Belus River on the Mediterranean coast. Due to the low tide of the sea, the merchant ship ran aground. So the crew took to the beach.

Some crew members also brought cauldrons, firewood, and used a few pieces of "natural soda" as a support for the cauldron to cook on the beach.

After the crew finished eating, the tide began to **. They were about to pack up and board the ship to continue sailing, when suddenly someone shouted, "Come and see, everyone, there is something bright and shining in the sand under the pot!" ”

The crew brought these glittering things to the ship and studied them carefully. They found that there was some quartz sand and melted natural soda stuck to these shiny things. It turned out that these glittering things were the natural soda that they used to make the stand for the pot when cooking, and under the action of the flame, the crystals produced by chemical reaction with the quartz sand on the beach, this is the earliest glass.

Later, the Phoenicians made a fortune by mixing quartz sand with natural soda and melting it in a special furnace to make glass balls.

Around the 4th century, the Romans began to apply glass to windows and doors. By 1291, glass-making technology in Italy was well developed.

Our country's glass-making technology must not leak out, and all the craftsmen who make glass are concentrated together to produce glass! ”

In this way, Italian glassmakers were sent to produce glass on an isolated island, from which they were not allowed to leave for the rest of their lives.

In 1688, a man named Naf invented the process of making large pieces of glass, and from then on, glass became an ordinary object.

The glass we use today is made of quartz sand, soda ash, feldspar and limestone at high temperatures. An amorphous solid material obtained by the gradual increase in viscosity of the melt during cooling. Fragile and transparent.

There are quartz glass, silicate glass, soda-lime glass, fluoride glass, etc. It usually refers to silicate glass, which is made of quartz sand, soda ash, feldspar and limestone as raw materials, which is mixed, melted and homogenized at high temperature, processed and formed, and then annealed. It is widely used in construction, daily use, medical, chemical, electronics, instrumentation, nuclear engineering and other fields.

The world's earliest glassmakers were the ancient Egyptians. The appearance and use of glass has a history of more than 4,000 years in human life, from the ruins of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt 4,000 years ago, there have been small glass beads unearthed.

During the Yongzheng period, Guangzhou's foreign affairs became more and more prosperous. Every summer and autumn, there are 20 large ships from the United Kingdom, France, the Netherlands, Austria and Sweden. These big ships came to buy Chinese tea, porcelain and silk, although the ships brought basically **, generally three to five tons of Spanish silver coins, but there are also some Western products, such as woollen wool, clocks, etc., among which there is a more special product, that is, glass.

Glass is an amorphous inorganic non-metallic material, which is generally made of a variety of inorganic minerals (such as quartz sand, borax, boric acid, barite, barium, barium carbonate, limestone, feldspar, soda ash, etc.) as the main raw material, and a small amount of auxiliary raw materials are added. Its main components are silica and other oxides.

The chemical composition of ordinary glass is Na2SiO3, Casio3, SiO2 or Na2O·CaO·6SiO2, etc., and the main component is silicate double salt, which is an amorphous solid with irregular structure. It is widely used in buildings to insulate wind and light, which is a mixture. In addition, there are colored glasses that are mixed with oxides or salts of certain metals to show color, and tempered glass that is prepared by physical or chemical methods.

Transparent plastics, such as polymethyl methacrylate, are sometimes referred to as plexiglass.

Glass was first invented by the Egyptians.

Small glass beads have been unearthed in the ruins of Mesopotamia and Ancient Egypt 4,000 years ago.

In the 12th century AD, commercial glass appeared and began to become an industrial material.

In the 18th century, optical glass was produced to meet the needs of making telescopes.

In 1874, Belgium was the first to produce flat glass.

In 1906, the United States produced flat glass on the machine, and since then, with the industrialization and scale of glass production, glass for various purposes and various properties has come out one after another.

Yongzheng 7-10 years Answer supplement The emergence and use of glass has a history of more than 4,000 years in human life, from the ruins of Mesopotamia and ancient Egypt more than 2,000 years BC, there have been small glass beads unearthed.

The Song Dynasty began to supplement the answers with glass to the Song Dynasty.

There's a legendary story about the invention of glass, a commonplace building material in modern life

One sunny day a long time ago, a large Phoenician merchant ship came to the mouth of the Belus River on the Mediterranean coast with many crystals of natural soda. The crew did not know the law of the rise and fall of the sea here. When the boat reached a beautiful sandbar not far from the mouth of the river, it ran aground.

The Phoenicians, trapped in the boat, simply jumped off the big boat and ran to this beautiful sandbar, playing as they pleased, while waiting for the high tide to continue sailing. When noon came, they decided to bury a pot on the sandbar to make rice. But the sandbar was full of soft sand, and there were no stones to be found.

Someone suddenly remembered the natural crystalline soda on the boat, so everyone worked together, moved dozens of pieces to build a stove, and then set up firewood and lit it. The meal was quickly ready. When they finished eating, packed up the dishes and prepared to return to the ship, they suddenly discovered a wonderful phenomenon:

I saw that there was something shining on the sand under the pot, which was very cute. Everyone didn't know what it was, and they thought they had found a treasure, so they kept it away. In fact, when cooking on a fire, the soda block supporting the pot reacts chemically with the quartz sand on the ground at high temperatures to form glass.

When the clever Phoenicians discovered this secret by accident, they quickly learned how to make it, mixing quartz sand with natural soda, melting them in a special furnace, and then turning the liquid glass into large and small glass beads. These good-looking beads quickly became popular with foreigners, and some wealthy people even exchanged them for ** and jewelry, and the Phoenicians made a fortune from it.

Of course, it is difficult to determine whether this story is true, but in fact, as early as 2000 BC, the Mesopotamians began to produce simple glassware, and real glassware appeared in Egypt in 1500 BC. From the 9th century BC onwards, the glass manufacturing industry flourished. By the 6th century AD, there were glassworks on the islands of Rhodes and Cyprus.

The city of Alexandria, founded in 332 BC, was an important city for the production of glass at that time.

From the 7th century onwards, some Arab countries such as Mesopotamia, Persia, Egypt and Syria also had a thriving glassmaking industry. They were already able to make mosque lamps out of clear glass or stained glass.

In Europe, glass manufacturing emerged relatively late. Until about the 18th century, Europeans bought high-end glassware from Venice. In a letter sent to a Venetian glassmaker on 17 September 1669, a London merchant wrote, "...We especially need flat glass plates, so please don't transport the wrapped lens glass under the box with wine glasses!

It's best to pack the ...... carefully with one or two sturdy boxesThis changed in the 18th century with the invention of a more transparent aluminium glass by the European Ravenskrot, and the glass industry flourished in Europe.

Naf. In 1688, a man named Nav invented the process of making large pieces of glass.

The world's earliest glassmakers were the ancient Egyptians. The appearance and use of glass in human life has a history of more than 4,000 years, from the ruins of ancient Egypt 4,000 years ago, there have been small glass beads unearthed.

Far.

Five or six thousand years ago, the Egyptians first invented fired glass, which later spread throughout the European continent. Initially, it was thought that Chinese glass was also introduced from the West. But archaeological discoveries broke this view, and in 1965, a Shang Dynasty blue glaze printed Zun was unearthed in Henan, with five pieces of dark green thick and transparent glass glaze.

In 1975, in the early and middle tombs of the Western Zhou Dynasty in Rujiazhuang, Baoji, thousands of pieces of glazed tubes and beads were unearthed, and the identification of ancient objects by Chinese and foreign scientists was lead barium glass, which is different from the soda-lime glass of the West, and the glass of China is developed from its own system. Archaeological discoveries also tell us that glass in China was later than in Egypt, that it sprouted in the Shang Dynasty and that it had already begun to be fired in the Western Zhou Dynasty at the latest. According to the Biography of Mu Tianzi, King Mu of Zhou climbed the mountain of quarrying and ordered the people to quarry and cast as a tool, which is to burn glass.

However, in the early days of glass in our country, the ancients called it Xuanlin, Liuli, Glass, Biliuli, Yaoyu, Water Essence, Jar Jade, etc., after the Northern and Southern Dynasties, sometimes called Glass, Feeder. It was called glass in the Qing Dynasty. In ancient times, the glass included three things:

One is a translucent jade, the second is a glaze made of silicic acid compounds of aluminum and sodium, and the third refers to glass. The invention of glass should be related to the firing of ceramics and the smelting of bronze. The inventor is also a master craftsman who makes pottery or bronze.

The glass of ancient Egypt was a pottery craftsman, and when he took the pottery out of the kiln, he found something shiny inside the kiln. After careful research and many experiments, the glass was fired. In China, when firing ceramics or smelting bronze, the temperature in the kiln could reach 1100

The use of glass as utensils has been recorded in ancient Egypt around the second millennium BC. In 200 B.C., Babylon invented the method of glass blowing control, and then this method was introduced to Rome, and the Portland bottle in Rome in Europe around the first century AD was a glass relief work. In the 11th century, Germany invented the technology of making flat glass.

The glass is blown into a spherical shape first, and then it is made into a cylindrical shape. Cut while the glass is still hot, then flatten. This technique was further refined in Venice in the thirteenth century.

In the 14th century, Venice was the center of glass manufacturing in Europe, and many tableware and utensils made of glass were made in Venice. In the future, many European glass craftsmen studied in Venice. The invention of the glass stamping machine in 1827 paved the way for the mass production of cheap glassware.

Artistic patterns are sometimes carved into the glass with acids or other corrosive materials. Traditionally, the glass is carved by a craftsman when the glass is blown or cast. Later, in 1920, it was invented that it was possible to add engraving to the mold, and glass of different colors could also be used, so after 1930, mass production of cheap glassware gradually appeared.

China also began to manufacture glass in the Western Zhou Dynasty. In the ancient tombs of the Western Zhou Dynasty, glass tubes, glass beads and other items have been found. Before the Southern and Northern Dynasties, Chinese mostly used colored glass to be made of fire, vitreous and transparent.

In the Song Dynasty, it began to be called glass. In the Ming and Qing dynasties, it was customary to call low-temperature firing and opaque ceramics with colored glass. Strictly speaking, many of the "glasses" at that time did not belong to the modern so-called "glass".