Which acids are strong acids and which bases are strong bases

If you are a high school student, the following is enough.

Strong acids: the most common are sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, as well as perchloric acid, permanganic acid, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid.

Four strong bases: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and barium hydroxide.

An acid or base that can be 100% ionized in solution is a strong acid or base. Common strong acids are HCL hydrochloride, H2SO4 sulfate, HNO3 nitrate, HBR hydrobromide, HI hydroiodic acid, the strongest inorganic oxygenated acid (in water) is HCL04 perchlorate, and some organic acids such as benzene sulfonic acid (C6H5SO3H) are also strong acids. Common strong bases are sodium hydroxide Naoh, potassium hydroxide KOH, etc., and the strongest alkali (in water) is cesium hydroxide CSOH

Why do I emphasize that it is in the water? The acidity and alkalinity of a substance is not only determined by the substance itself, but also by the environment in which it is located, for example, hydrochloric acid is a strong acid in water, but in the acetic acid solution, due to the ionization of hydrogen ions of acetic acid, it inhibits its ionization, so that it cannot be 100% ionized, and hydrochloric acid becomes a weak acid.

In essence, the high concentration of ionized hydrogen ions in the solution is a strong acid, and the high concentration of ionized hydroxide ions in the solution is a strong base. The bases corresponding to the first main group elements starting from sodium are strong bases, and strong acids are sulfuric acid, nitric acid and hydrochloric acid.

Strong acids: sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid.

Strong bases: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, barium hydroxide, rubidium hydroxide, cesium hydroxide, strontium hydroxide.

Hydrofluoric acid is a very weak acid and has very specific properties.

Among the anaerobic acids formed by halogen elements, HF is a moderately strong acid, not a strong acid. Some oxygenated acids are strong acids, such as HCO4, and some are weak acids, such as HCO4. Alkali metals are strong bases.

Six strong acids: hydrochloric acid (HCl), nitric acid (HNO3), sulfuric acid (H2SO4), perchloric acid (HCO4), hydrobromic acid (HBR), hydroiodic acid (HI).

Four strong bases: sodium hydroxide (Naoh), potassium hydroxide (KOH), barium hydroxide (BA(OH)2), calcium hydroxide (Ca(OH)2).

Strong acids are highly corrosive, can cause severe burns when touched, and can also cause corrosive poisoning. Therefore, the following points should be paid attention to when using:

1) When using strong acids, wear acid-resistant protective clothing and rubber gloves.

2) Use a graduated cylinder when measuring strong acids, and never use a pipette.

3) When diluting acid, be sure to pour the concentrated acid into the water slowly along the wall of the vessel, and stir while pouring to make the heat spread rapidly, and do not pour the water into the concentrated acid in the open container. Otherwise, it will cause local violent boiling of water, and concentrated acid splashing, resulting in burn accidents. As soon as acid splashes on ** or clothing, it should be rinsed immediately with plenty of water.

Then rinse with dilute sodium carbonate (soda ash) solution.

4) The chemical properties of strong acids are very lively, so the bottle containing the acid should be sealed and protected to prevent breakage. Bottles containing acid should not be exposed to heat or sunlight, and should not be exposed to combustibles.

5) The symptoms of corrosive poisoning with strong acids are burning of the lips and mouth, burning pain in the throat and heart, vomiting or suffocation. Baking soda, bitter earth, lime water, or soapy water should be used as an antidote at this time.

Common strong bases: sodium hydroxide (caustic soda), lime (calcium hydroxide), etc.

Strong alkali is more damaging to the body's ** tissues than strong acid, because strong alkali can penetrate deep into the tissue, causing tissue proteins to dissolve.

The eight strong acids are: sulfuric acid, nitric acid, hydrochloric acid, perchloric acid, permanganic acid, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid; The four strong bases are: sodium hydroxide, potassium hydroxide, calcium hydroxide, and barium hydroxide.

The so-called strong alkali and weak alkali are relatively speaking, the alkali can be completely ionized when dissolved in water, and it belongs to the strong alkali. The alkali metal and some alkaline earth metals correspond to a strong alkali metal.

Conventional alkali refers to the ionization of hydroxide in aqueous solution, and most of the ionization is generally regarded as a strong base (unlike acid, many polyalkalis are difficult to directly see whether they are strong alkalis with PKB value), so calcium hydroxide is not strictly regarded as a strong base, because there are a large number of CaOH ions in saturated calcium hydroxide solution.

A broader concept of a base refers to a substance that donates electrons, or a substance that accepts protons.

The alkalinity comes from the acid-base proton theory, and a strong alkali is the one with a strong ability to accept protons.

Strong alkalis are divided into organic strong bases and inorganic strong bases.

Among the inorganic strong bases, amino compounds (such as potassium amino, sodium amino, etc.), some silicides (such as PK greater than 150 of Mg Si) and alkali metal hydrides (Nah, Kh, etc.) are the most alkaline, and then the above hydroxides.

Generally speaking, the pH less than 1 at room temperature is a strong acid, and the pH greater than 12 at room temperature is a strong alkali.

Strong acids mainly refer to permangantic acid, hydrochloric acid (hydrochloric acid), sulfuric acid, nitric acid, perchloric acid, selenium acid, hydrobromic acid, hydroiodic acid, chloric acid, of which perchloric acid, hydroiodic acid, hydrobromic acid, hydrochloric acid (hydrochloric acid), sulfuric acid, nitric acid are collectively known as the six inorganic strong acids.

Strong base refers to a substance in which all the anions ionized in an aqueous solution are hydroxide ions. Strong bases react with acids to form salts and water. The so-called forcible alkali and weak alkali are relatively speaking, the alkali can be completely ionized when dissolved in water, and it belongs to a strong alkali.

The alkali metal and some alkaline earth metals correspond to a strong alkali metal.