Please summarize Nietzsche s main ideas, philosophical views

Nietzsche advocated the philosophy of the superman, which is the forerunner of the ideal state of the West, usually promoting unfamiliar or negative views, and personally believes that he wants the public to have a correct understanding of the unfathomable or incomprehensible things, so he puts forward some unbelievable insights to achieve the ideal state. For a person to give full play to his will and achieve the state of doing whatever he wants, it is actually a kind of humanism that does not advocate that people restrain their instincts.

Nietzsche's philosophical ideas assert that it inherits the essence of the Enlightenment and reflects the awakening of modern consciousness. The positive affirmation of the value of life has triggered people's thinking about the meaning of life and the value of life, and repositioned life; The negative critique of instrumental rationality and industrial civilization opened up the trend of modern irrationalism.

On the other hand, there is also one-sidedness in the critique of rationality and the negation of tradition, which is precisely the aspect that postmodernism appreciates.

The endurance and resistance of the world to the new doctrine far exceeded Nietzsche's imagination, and shortly after his death, his doctrine and earth-shattering slogans such as "Revalue everything" and "God is dead" spread far and wide, "A ghost, a ghost of Nietzsche, wanders not only in Europe, but also across the oceans in Asia and ancient China, and has been wandering in the centuries to this day." Over the course of a century, Nietzsche's reputation has risen and fallen with wars and political turmoil. From the famous Danish literary critic George Brandeis, who was the first in Europe to comment on Nietzsche's thoughts, to the German existentialist master Carl Jaspers, from Nietzsche's beloved girlfriend Lou Salome to the French postmodernist master Gilles Deleuze, they are all caught up in it and can't extricate themselves.

Nietzsche's philosophy has three main propositions that are interrelated, namely the will to power, the superman, and the revaluation of all values.

These three propositions are the product of his critique of traditional European civilization. According to Nietzsche, the ills of traditional European civilization are manifested in science and philosophy, that is, the domination of rationalism, which suppresses the irrational life instinct; In terms of religion and ethics, it is the reign of nihilism, which Nietzsche gave a specific meaning to refer to the position of denying life, which also suppresses the instinct of life. Their combined result is a decadent debilitation of humanity.

Nietzsche was extremely dissatisfied with the status quo of mankind and made it his highest mission to improve humanity. In order to improve mankind, he advocated the doctrine of the will to power and the development of the instinct of life. In order to improve mankind, he put forward the ideal of "superman", and pinned the hope of improving mankind on a new type of individual with a strong will to power and a thriving life instinct, that is, superman.

In order to improve human beings, Nietzsche demanded a fundamental change in human values, and a reappraisal of all values based on the expansion of the will to power, that is, the instinct of life. Here, what is important is not the particular content of his doctrine, but the general tendencies that he represents. In the camp of bourgeois philosophers, Nietzsche was the first to clearly grasp the trend of the transformation of Western values, pondered and put forward a series of questions that stirred the hearts of modern people, and opened a precedent for the trend of irrationalism in modern Western philosophy.

Including philosophy of life, positivism, pragmatism, phenomenology, existentialism, philosophy of history, etc., all draw ideological nourishment from him. He does not seem to belong to one of these schools, but is regarded as one of the pioneers of almost all of them. His influence went beyond the realm of philosophy.

He did not influence in academic circles as an academic philosopher, but as a thinker on the entire modern currents of thought. Freud acknowledged that Nietzsche had inspired him to establish psychoanalysis. Some people revere Nietzsche as the originator of social psychology.

As for the field of literature and art, Nietzsche's influence on modern literary and artistic thought may be second to none among philosophers, including Strindberg, Zweig, Thomas Mann, Hopman, George Bernard Shaw, Jack London, Gide, Malraux, and a large number of famous modern modern writers believe in Nietzsche's theory, and Nietzsche's influence on modern Chinese writers such as Lu Xun, Guo Moruo, Mao Dun, Yu Dafu, and Xu Zhimo is also a well-known historical fact.

Some of Nietzsche's writings:

So says Zalastura

On the Genealogy of Morality

The Wagner Affair

Idol Twilight

The Birth of Tragedy Volume

An attempt to revalue everything

Strong Will ".

Nietzsche's philosophical thought can be summarized as: the spirit of tragedy, the spirit of will ().

a.**Spirit.

b.Creative spirit.

c.Dionysian spirit.

d.The spirit of art.

Correct Answer: Pants Argument C