What is the evolutionary relationship between animals and plants?

Kinship is related to the evolutionary distance of organisms, and it was only after the weakening of the Western Church in the 18th century that it began to be studied and confirmed. The estimation of biological evolutionary distance based on kinship should have started in the 17th and 18th centuries. At that time, due to research methods and beliefs, the main reasons were to determine the kinship of organisms (to classify organisms) from morphology (how they look alike), behavior (lifestyle and habits), and anatomy (internal organs and structures), and to estimate the evolutionary distance between organisms.

For research in this area, please see Huxley's "The Place of Man in Nature" (Engels highly praised this book), which was studied in the above way.

By the 19th century, the serum immune response was discovered, and the serum immune response method began to be used to determine the genetic relationship of animals. I don't know much about this, and I don't dare to say more.

By the early 20th century, it was known that proteins were composed of amino acids, and that proteins of the same function of different species had different amino acid compositions and sequences, and that the more distant the blood relationship, the greater the difference in the composition of amino acids. For example, a small molecule protein cytochrome C, there is almost no difference between humans and modern apes (I can't remember, it seems that there is only 1 or 2 amino acids), there is a difference with monkeys, pigs, horses, cows, sheep, the difference is even greater, to lizards and fish, there are almost as many differences as similarities, compared with the cytochrome C of plants such as wheat, it is simply a heaven and an underground. But the reason for this distinction is not yet known.

From the mid-20th century, molecular biology and molecular genetics emerged. Through the study of DNA, scientists finally understand that the difference in morphology and structure is due to the difference in DNA of various organisms, and DNA is the key to determining the structure of proteins. The evolution of living things is, in the final analysis, due to DNA variation.

Scientists have found that spontaneous variation in DNA has a fixed frequency, that is, after a period of time, a base at one site on DNA will be replaced by another base. By sequencing a specific gene in different species, we can know the approximate age of the substitution of different bases in this gene in those species. From this, we can know the time when different species separated from each other in the process of evolution, and this time is the evolutionary distance between organisms.

It is often seen (heard) that one species evolved separately from another species XX million years ago. or that one species is related to another. This time and kinship are determined in this way.

The smaller the base difference in the gene, the closer the kinship, and the closer the distance of separation and evolution.

The greater the difference in the bases, the farther the kinship, and the farther away the separation and evolution.

As a result, evolutionary biologists know that Neanderthals were not ancestors of Europeans; Peking Man and Javanese Man are also not the ancestors of Asians. The human beings living on the earth today are all from Africa.

Relationship refers to a phylogenetic relationship of biological groups. Comparative morphological similarities are very important in understanding kinship, and other reproductive methods, hybridization tests, serological classifications, etc., are also often used.

Summary. Kinship between the same plant refers to their branching relationship during evolution. The proximity of their kinship depends on their evolutionary history and the point in time of their evolutionary branches.

The kinship between the same plant refers to their branching state lineage in the process of evolution. The proximity of its kinship depends on the time of their evolutionary history and evolutionary branches.

You've done a great job! Can you elaborate on that?

Generally speaking, the reasons for the distant relationship with the same plant may be as follows:1Isolation.

In the process of evolution, when the same plant is separated in different geographical regions, and the slow cracks and leaks cannot communicate genetic material, their kinship will gradually drift away. 2.Mutation.

Homogeneous plants undergo various mutations during evolution, including genetic mutations and genome rearrangements, which can also lead to changes in the genetic relationship between plants. 3.Natural selection.

In the process of evolution, natural selection and survival of the fittest will occur in the same plant due to differences in environment, which will also have an impact on their kinship. In summary, the reason for the disrupted and distant relationship with the plant may be due to the influence of factors such as isolation and mutation.

Summary. The reason for the proximity of the genetic relationship with the plant is mainly related to its genetic background and evolutionary history. First of all, the genetic relationship of plants is determined by their genetic information.

If the two plants are more different at the genetic level, the more distant they will be from each other. Such differences at the genetic level may come from differences in genomes, or genetic variations caused by mutations, hybridization, and other factors. Secondly, the genetic relationship of plants is also influenced by their evolutionary history.

If two plants branch earlier in the evolutionary process, the more distant the kinship between them will be. For example, if two plants are highly similar at the molecular level but very different in terms of morphology, ecological habits, and geographical distribution, then their relatives are considered to be distant.

The reason for the proximity of the genetic relationship with the plant is mainly related to its genetic background and evolutionary history. First of all, the genetic relationship of plants is determined by their genetic information. If the two plants are more different at the genetic level, the more distant they will be from each other.

Such differences at the genetic level may come from differences in genomes, or genetic variations caused by mutations, hybridization, and other factors. Secondly, the genetic relationship of plants is also influenced by their evolutionary history. If two plants branch out earlier in the evolutionary process, the more distant the relationship between them will be.

For example, if two plants are highly similar at the molecular level, but very different in terms of morphology, ecological habits, and geographical distribution, then they will be considered to be distantly related.

You've done a great job! Can you elaborate on that?

In short, the reasons for the proximity of the relationship between plants and species are very complex, and they involve the knowledge of genetics, chemistry, morphology, ecology and other disciplines.

The law of biogenesis is the law that understands the genetic relationship of animal taxa and the clues of its development, especially when the kinship and taxonomic positions of many animals are not clear, and it is usually solved by embryonic development.

The law of biogenesis is the absence of an objective law, which is not only applicable to the animal kingdom, but also to the entire biological world.

Ontogeny is not simply a mechanical repetition, there will also be variations in ontogeny, which in turn constantly complements the development of the system.

Ontogeny and phylogeny are interrelated and mutually restrictive, phylogeny determines ontogeny through heredity, and ontogeny not only briefly repeats phylogenetic development, but also complements and enriches phylogenetic development, that is, the history of its racial development.