Is the structure of the Analects an absolute echo of the beginning and the end?

Of course not. Just most of it.

First, a brief review of the different views that have been held on the existence of the Analects as a structure.

1. Start by writing a piece related to your question. Yao Zhongqiu, also known as Qiufeng, of Zhengqin [Zhongshan Association for the Promotion of Chinese Culture], believes that generally speaking, the last chapter of each chapter has an echoing relationship with the first chapter.

2 In general, the mainstream theory holds that the Analects has no structure, and many texts and books generally believe that the Analects have no structure, such as the Commentary on the Three Classics of Ten Carrying Qing Infiltration, the Commentary on Zhu Ziji, and Liu Baonan's Justice, all of which believe that the Analects have no structure, especially Liu Baonan's Justice, which explicitly opposes the structure of the Analects in the first commentary.

3 Huang Kan's book at least talked about the reasons for the chapters, why from the "Xueer" chapter to the "for the government" chapter, why from the "for the government" chapter to the "Eight Hundreds" chapter, he talked about this reason. Liu Baonan reprimanded Huang Shu, he thought it was nonsense. I think this represents a more mainstream view.

4 There is a non-mainstream view that the Analects is structured. Its representatives, one is Huang Kan and the other is Xing Yu, and they all believe that the Analects has a structure. They think that there is structure, mainly because there is structure between the chapters, why from this article to the next, what is the relationship between the next chapter, they have discussed.

[Learning Method] [Learning Attitude] and [Self-cultivation and Self-cultivation].

1. [Method] Review the old and learn the new.

I have three provinces and my body.

If you learn without thinking, you will be reckless, and if you think without learning, you will die.

Learn and learn.

Tacitly recognized. Choose those who are good and follow them, and change those who are not good.

2 [Attitude] Threesome, there must be my teacher.

Knowing is knowing, not knowing is not knowing;

See the virtuous and think together, see the unvirtuous and introspect introspectively;

Sensitive and studious, not ashamed to ask.

Learn and never get tired of it. 3. [Cultivation].

1 Zi said: "The three armies can win the commander, but the husband cannot win the ambition." ""Zihan".

2 Zixia said: "Erudite and ambitious, ask questions and think closely, benevolence is in it." "Zi Zhang".

3 Zi said: "Virtuous Hui also, a spoonful of food, a scoop of drink, in the alleys, people are unbearable, and they will not change their pleasures." Virtuous back also. "Yongye".

4 Zi said: "Rice and water are sparse, and the humerus is bent and pillowed, and the joy is also in it." Unrighteous wealth and nobility are like floating clouds to me. "The Narrative".

5 Scholars can not be Hongyi, there is a long way to go; The year is cold, and then the pine and cypress are withered; Do unto others as you would have them do to you.

6 Zigong said: "What is it like to be poor and have no blame, and to be rich but not arrogant? Zi said:

Yes. Those who are not poor are happy, and those who are rich and courteous. Zigong said:

Poetry "Cloud: 'Such as cutting, such as learning, such as grinding. 'What do you mean?'

Zi said: "Give also, the beginning can be with the words and poems." Tell the past and know the future.

7 Zi said: "If you don't suffer from others, you don't know yourself, and you don't know people when you suffer." ”

8 Zeng Zi said: "I am three times a day and my body - to seek for others and not to be loyal? Making friends and not believing them? Are you used to it? ”

9 Zi said: "See the virtuous and think together, and see the unvirtuous and introspect yourself." ”

10 Zigong asked, "Who has a word that can be done for life?" Zi said: "It is forgiven! Do not do unto others as you would have them do unto you. ”

【Answer】【Question 1】B 【Question 1】Confucius believed that a gentleman regards righteousness as the noblest virtue. People should see what is right, not what is right. Those who have courage should also uphold the principle of righteousness, otherwise they will become a scourge.

Answer Analysis] [Question 1] "The first thing that comes to mind should be to save the lives of others" should be "To give your life in case of danger" [Question 1] This question examines the author's point of view and attitude, as long as it is translated accurately. Zilu asks what it means to be a perfect person. Confucius said:

As smart as Zang Wuzhong, as pure-hearted as Meng Gongqiu, as brave as Bian Yongzi, as versatile as Ran Qiu, coupled with the cultivation of etiquette and music, he can be said to be a perfect person! And he said, "What must be the case with the perfect man now?"

When you think of morality when you see profit, you can also be said to be a perfect person who stands up in the face of danger, gives your life, and suffers from poverty for a long time, without forgetting ordinary words or promises."

"Analects, Learning and First".

The Analects of Politics II

The third article of the Eight Hundred Chapters of the Analects.

Analects. Yao said

The Analects of Yan Yuan

Analects. Yan Yuan".

Analects. Yan Yuan".