Intraverbal Behavior Extraverbal Behavior Successful Behavior Explanation Pragmatics 5

1. Intraverbal behavior: It is the act of saying words, phrases and clauses, which is the act of expressing literal meaning through syntax, vocabulary and phonemes. This sentence is uttered and the meaning of this sentence is expressed.

2. Extraverbal behavior: the act of expressing the speaker's intention, which is the act of saying certain words. The request was made by saying this sentence.

3. Post-speech behavior: the behavior carried out through certain words, or the behavior caused by speaking certain words, it is the consequence or change caused by the words, and it is the behavior completed by speaking certain words. The effect of the request or the response received.

These three concepts fall under the category of the theory of speech acts, a philosophical doctrine of language, which was proposed by Austin in England. He believes that language is a special way of human behavior, and people cannot do without speech behaviors such as speaking and writing in the actual process of communication; It is believed that any complete speech act can be decomposed into three aspects of behavior, namely "intraverbal behavior", "extraverbal behavior" and "postverbal behavior".

Speech act theory holds that people are acting on their words. Speech effectiveness is not only a matter of semantics of text syntax, but also involves a pragmatic problem. Therefore, speech act theory has become one of the important contents of pragmatics today.

Statements, requests, orders, questions, apologies, congratulations, etc. Speech acts are characterized by the fact that the speaker performs one or more of the above-listed actions by saying one or more sentences, and the realization of these actions may also have certain consequences for the listener. Austin argues that when saying any word, people have to accomplish three behaviors at the same time:

Intraverbal behavior, extraverbal behavior, and postverbal behavior (Gu Yunying, 1986), some scholars call them discursive acts (or speaking acts), that is, the locutionary act, the illocutionary act, and the perlocutionary act

Extraverbal acts are achieved through a certain form of discourse, through the steps of agreement and the force of agreement, so extraverbal acts are conventionalPost-behavior is context-dependent and not necessarily obtainable through the discourse itself, and is therefore indeterminate. Due to"Intraverbal behavior"It belongs to the scope of the language system"Afterword behavior"It is not a verbal action per se, and the listener's response is not a linguistic process, but a complex psychological process, so linguists have not discussed it much in the past"Afterword behavior"and focus your attention"Unspoken behavior"Above.

It is only recently that some scholars have broadened the field of language research by combining language problems with cognitive psychology and writing valuable articles.

Austin divides extraverbal behavior into five categories: verdictives, exercitives, commissives, expositives, and behabitivesLater, Searle criticized this categorization, dividing extraverbal behavior into:"New five categories":

Namely, assertives, directives, commissives, expressives, and declarations

Intraverbal act refers to the act of expressing a literal meaning through syntactic vocabulary and phonemes, saying the sentence and expressing the meaning of the sentence. An afterword act is the act of expressing the speaker's intention, making a request by saying the sentence.

For example, two people go to copy

Eating in a restaurant, I went into a restaurant and saw a lot of people. One person said, "There are too many people in this restaurant.

The meaning of his words is not only to express that he thinks that the restaurant is too crowded, but also to change to a restaurant with fewer people to eat. "There are too many people in this restaurant. "Speech and behavior refers to the literal meaning of seeing a lot of people in the restaurant.

Extraverbal behavior refers to the implicit true intention of the sentence, that is, the implicit meaning--- he wants to change to another restaurant to eat. The afterword behavior is the effect that this sentence has on the listener--- go to another restaurant to eat.

Effectual behavior.

That is, it refers to the afterword act, that is, the perlocutionary act, which is the action performed by saying or because of saying something; Response: It is a consequence or change in response caused by a discourse; It is an action that is performed by saying something. Behavior refers to the extraverbal behavior, that is, illocutionary act is the act of expressing the intention of the speaker, and it is the action performed in the process of speaking, such as: "It's cold outside", describing the situation at the time, the cold outside is the intraverbal behavior at the language level, and the extraverbal behavior is to instruct others to close the window, if the other person hears it and closes the window, then the afterword behavior occurs.

A speech act can be divided into the meaning of words, the meaning of words and the meaning of words.

A asks if B can help open the door. The implication of this sentence is whether B has the ability or the will to open the door for A; The implication is whether B will immediately carry out this act of opening the door; The implication is that B will open the door to A, otherwise it will not open the door.

It's all so clear, let's finish the analysis yourself.

bWhat does it mean that he is, but he does not open the door? (I have an obsessive-compulsive disorder and I really don't like to give direct answers).