What principles are embodied in the Code of Hammurabi?

Junior High School History Textbooks Yes!

As the most complete code of cuneiform writing laws that have been handed down to this day, the Code of Hammurabi inherits the original legal essence of the two river basins relatively completely, making it develop to the point of perfection. It openly affirmed the dominance of the slave-owning class, strictly protected the interests of the slave-owning class, and made relatively comprehensive provisions on various legal relations, especially some principles established in the provisions on creditor's rights, contracts, torts, family, and criminal law, such as the legal principle that theft of other people's property must be punished, the legal principle of compensation for damage to other people's property, the principle of punishment for false accusations and perjury, and the principle of severe punishment by judges who pervert the law, all of which had a major impact on the legislation of later generations.

The Code of Hammurabi was not only continued to be applied by the later ancient West Asian countries such as the Hittite, Assyria, and Neo-Babylonian countries, but also had a certain influence on Western legal culture through Hebrew law, from which certain legislative ideas and principles in medieval Catholic canon law were derived.

The darkness of the slave society, oppression.

Go flip through the history books.

Say yes online. An eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" and "let the buyer watch out".

But I remember when I was studying, it wasn't about judicial independence or whatever, in the history books.

The Code of Hammurabi was the world's first relatively complete code, and its purpose was to maintain social order, and the code tried its best to safeguard the unequal social hierarchy and the interests of the slave-owning aristocracy, and in essence, to safeguard the interests of the ruling slave-owning class. The Code of Hammurabi is unequal and cruel, and it is a relatively comprehensive reflection of the system of ancient Babylonian society. Modern law, on the other hand, is humanitarian, and everyone is equal before the law.

It has had an important influence on the legislation of later West Asian countries and is an important document for the study of ancient Babylon.

Code of HammurabiThe characteristics follow the principle of "tooth to tooth, eye for eye". If you blind someone else's eyes, you must be blinded as a punishment; If you break your leg by someone else, you can break someone else's leg as compensation; Even if he kills another man's son, his own son will be put to death.

The scope of the above provisions is limited to persons of equal status. The Code divided people into slave owners, freedmen, and slaves, with those in the upper class having more rights and fewer obligations than those in the lower ranks, and the punishment for crimes committed by the same people was less.

Limitations

The Code of Hammurabi embodies the cruelty and severity of criminal law, as well as the inequality between people and in the first place, and the humanism of modern law.

The spirit of egalitarianism is different. Its preface reads: "Let the light of righteousness shine upon the earth, and destroy all sin and evil, so that the strong cannot oppress the weak." It seems to express the fairness and fairness of the code, and everyone is equal.

However, from its contents, it can be seen that the code was actually protecting the imperial nobility and slave owners themselves. Among its contents: if the nobles injured the eyes of commoners and slaves, they were exempt from indemnity without compensation; Civilians need to damage each other's eyes in the same way.

Civilians had to pay only half of the cost for damaging the slave's eyes; When slaves damaged the eyes of nobles, they had to pour oil and lead into their ears. The unfair terms reflected class discrimination and slavery rather than fair laws.

Code of HammurabiByPreambleIt is composed of three parts, the main text and the conclusion, the preface and the epilogue account for about one-fifth of the total length, the language is rich, the rhetoric is gorgeous, full of deification and beautification of the words of Hammurabi, it is a hymn to the king. The text includes 282 laws, which make detailed provisions on criminal, civil, **, marriage, inheritance, trial and other systems.

Features: The language is rich, the rhetoric is gorgeous, full of deification and beautification of Hammurabi's rhetoric, and it is a hymn to the king. The text includes 282 laws, which make detailed provisions on criminal, civil, **, marriage, inheritance, trial and other systems.

Two principles. The Code of Hammurabi is based on two of the most famous principles, namely "an eye for an eye and a tooth for a tooth" (homomorphic revenge.

and "let the buyer watch out".

When providing for compensation for the identified harm ("if a person destroys the purpose of another, destroys his purpose"; "If a man breaks the bones of another, he breaks his bones"), the Code never considers whether the initial injury was purely accidental, but cruelly insists on the suffering and humiliation of the flesh and the flesh. The "let the buyer watch out" principle is less brutal, but it doesn't look like law.

The Code of Hammurabi is engraved on a black basalt pillar 225 meters high, with a circumference of 165 meters at the top and 190 meters at the bottom. Codex altogether.

The 3,500-line return is written in Atakadian and is divided into three parts: the preface, the main text, and the conclusion. The preface mainly proclaims the divine authority of kingship and shows off the great achievements of Hammurabi; The epilogue explains that Hammurabi followed God's will to create a code of justice for eternity, and warned future generations that any king who dared to disobey the code would be punished by God. The main body of the code has a total of 282 contents, including litigation procedures, theft, military land, tenancy, employment, commerce, usury, marriage, inheritance, injury, debt, slavery, etc., and is the most complete surviving code in the world.

It is said that in the 12th century BC, when the Elamites of Western Asia invaded Babylon, they brought the stone pillar back to Susa as a trophy, and in 1901 a French archaeological team discovered it at the site of Susa.

1. The legal principle that theft of other people's property must be punished, and compensation for damage to other people's property must be compensated;

2. The penal principle of false accusation and perjury;

3. The principle of severe punishment for judges who pervert the law.

The Code of Hammurabi is based on two of the most famous principles, namely "an eye for an eye, a tooth for a tooth" and "a buyer on his beware". It was with this code that the Babylonian society of Hammurabi's time became the most tightly ruled country among the ancient slave states of the East. To this day, this legal text engraved on the stone pillar is still one of the oldest and most complete legal texts in the world.