Why is it socially necessary labor time that forms the value of commodities?

These are the exact words of Marx in Capital. If A takes a hour and B an hour to produce a commodity, and the socially necessary labor time for the production of the commodity is c hours (the social average), then according to Marx's labor theory of value, the value of the commodity is determined by c hours, not by the individual labor time of A and B, when the labor time of his production of the commodity is lower than the socially necessary labor time, and the individual value of the commodity he produces is lower than the commodity value of the commodity determined by the socially necessary labor time, Then he will make a super profit by selling the commodity according to its value, and if he does not, he will lose money. Therefore, the practice of reducing the value of commodities to specific labor hours is absurd, because the formation of commodity value is a social process, and the understanding of commodity value cannot only stay on the surface, which is a common problem of anti-Marxists, because they cannot correctly understand and comprehend the essence of labor value, and lack the spirit of in-depth study of knowledge, so they often inflict their own mistakes on Marx, which is very ridiculous.

Legal Analysis: Necessary working time refers to the part of the working time of the worker that is used to produce the means of subsistence necessary to maintain the life of the worker and his family. Produce a necessary product or a necessary value within the necessary labor time.

The amount of value of a commodity refers to the magnitude of the value of a commodity. It can also be understood from two aspects, one is the amount of value per unit of goods, and the other is the total value of goods. The unit value of a commodity refers to the value of a commodity; The total value of commodities refers to the sum of the value of all commodities produced at the same time and by the same labor, and the two should not be confused.

The unit value of a commodity refers to individuals, and the total value of a commodity is the sum of individuals (the sum of the value of commodities over a certain period of time).

Legal basis: Article 6 of the Product Quality Law of the People's Republic of China The product quality supervision and management department is responsible for the national product quality supervision and management. The relevant departments are responsible for the supervision and management of product quality within the scope of their respective responsibilities.

The department of product quality supervision of local people's management at or above the county level is responsible for the supervision and management of product quality within its own administrative area.

Individual labor time of commodity producers and socially necessary labor time.

the impact of the difference on the producers of commodity raw fiber;

1. The amount of value of a commodity is determined by socially necessary labor time, not by individual labor time. Socially necessary labor time refers to the production of a certain use value under the average labor proficiency and labor intensity of the society under the existing normal production conditions of the society.

The labor time required.

2. The difference between the two is very important to commodity producers, and directly determines the interests, status and destiny of commodity producers. The specific performance is as follows; First, when the individual labour time of the producer of commodities is equal to the socially necessary labour time, his labour may be fully compensated by the exchange of commodities.

Extended information: Commodity ** is the value of the commodity.

of currency performance. It is associated with the commodity economy.

An economic category that is closely linked. Commodities are a continuum of use value and value. The value of a commodity is the general human labor condensed in the commodity.

This labor is expressed in the form of quantity. The amount of value of a commodity is determined by the socially necessary labour time expended in the production of that commodity. The value of a commodity cannot be self-expressive, the value of one commodity must be represented by another commodity, and it can only be realized when it is exchanged for another commodity.

The initial exchange of commodities takes the form of the change of hands of one commodity with another, and the value of the commodity is expressed by the amount of the use value of the other commodity. We call the relationship or proportion of the quantity exchanged between one commodity and another the exchange value of the commodity. The exchange value of commodities, along with the development of commodity production, has gone through a long historical development process, from a simple form of value to an expanded form of value, to a general form of value, and finally to a form of monetary value.

At this point, money is separated from the commodity world and firmly monopolizes the formal position of exchange value as a special commodity. Since then, the form of barter, the form of commodity and the form of exchange of money, has been replaced. The value of a commodity expressed through money is the ** of a commodity.

Therefore, ** reflects the exchange relationship between commodities and money, and is an index of the exchange ratio of commodities and money.

It can be seen from this that the production of commodities is conditional on the increase in the level of productivity, the expansion of commodity exchange, and the emergence of money. It is an inevitable consequence of the development of commodity exchange. Tangible products refer to consumer goods and means of production.

and other products with physical forms and material carriers, including agricultural products, industrial products, housing and other construction products, etc.; Intangible asset.

It refers to assets that have been used for a long time without physical form, including patent rights, non-patent rights, commodity rights, and copyrights.

The land makes the orange tremble the right to use and goodwill. Wait.

1. The principle of abstract labor creating value.

Marx expounded this principle in his doctrine of the duality of labor, which he pioneered. It is pointed out that abstract labor is an entity that forms value, and it is the form of existence of social labor in the commodity economy. It reflects the social relations of production that are unique to the production of commodities.

Value is a relationship between people that is expressed in the form of things and things.

2. The principle that socially necessary labor time determines the amount of value.

The value of a commodity is determined by socially necessary labor hours. Socially necessary labor time refers to "the labor time required to produce a certain use value under the existing normal social production conditions and under the average social labor proficiency and labor intensity".

3. The principle of the value formation process.

The production process of commodities is the unity of the labor process and the value formation process. As a labor process, concrete labor creates the use value of commodities; As a value-forming process, abstract labor creates commodity value.

Social labor time refers to the average labor time required to produce a specific commodity in a specific social environment. The value of a commodity depends on social labor time, because social labor time is the cost of production of the commodity. In modern society, the production of goods requires the consumption of a large amount of labor, machinery and equipment, raw materials and other resources, and these production costs must be compensated, and the amount of value is the amount required to make up for these costs.

For example, if it takes an average of 10 hours of labor to produce a piece of clothing, then the amount of value of the garment is the value of 10 hours of labor. If the cost of producing the garment increases, e.g. more raw materials are needed or more energy is consumed, then the value of the garment will also increase, because it will need more social labor hours to make up for the cost.

In a market economy, supply and demand also affect the amount of value of a commodity. If a good is in high demand and has a finite quantity, then the amount of value it is likely to be higher than the cost of production because people are willing to pay more to get it.

In conclusion, social labor time is a key factor in determining the amount of value of a commodity, which is affected both by the cost of production and by market supply and demand.

Socially necessary labor time is an important concept in Marxist political economy to explain the process of forming commodity value. According to Marx's theory of value, the amount of value of a commodity depends on the socially necessary labor time necessary to produce it.

Socially necessary labor time refers to the average labor time necessary to produce a certain quantity of a certain commodity under a certain social production condition. This average labour time includes the labour time spent by all producers using the same means of production, technology and labour force, not the labour time spent by a particular producer.

If a producer is able to produce the same amount of goods in less time than the average, then his goods will be able to sell at a price lower than the average market value. Conversely, if a producer needs to spend more than average time to produce the same amount of goods, then his goods must be worth more than the average market value, otherwise he will not be able to cover the cost of production.

Thus, socially necessary labor time determines the amount of value of the commodity. If the socially necessary labour time required for the production of a commodity decreases, the amount of value of the commodity decreases, and vice versa. This is why two goods produced in the same quantity under the same production conditions will have a higher quantity of value if one of them takes longer to produce.

It should be noted that socially necessary labor time is a relative concept, which is constantly changing with the development of production technology and productivity level. As a result, the amount of value of a commodity also changes over time.

Marx put forward the labor theory of value in Capital, arguing that the value of a commodity in a contour is determined by the socially necessary labor time required to produce the commodity. The so-called socially necessary labor time refers to the time required to complete production under certain production conditions with average production efficiency and technical level. If the labor time required to produce a commodity is less than the socially necessary labor time, then the commodity will have more surplus value, and thus achieve higher profits; On the other hand, if the labor time spent on producing a commodity exceeds the socially necessary labor time, the value of the commodity will fall and high profits will not be obtained.

Therefore, the amount of value of a commodity is determined by the socially necessary labor time required to produce it. In the market, through the effect of factors such as supply and demand and competition, the market of commodities may deviate from their value and quantity.

There are many reasons why the market** of a commodity may deviate from its value quantity, such as changes in supply and demand, progress or backwardness in productivity, changes in production costs, the introduction of technology, and so on. These factors will directly or indirectly affect the production time and cost of the commodity, resulting in a deviation between the market ** and the value of the commodity.

In addition, Marx pointed out that in modern capitalist society, the realization of the value of commodities depends not only on their production time and costs, but also on the process of exchange of commodities. Since there is a conflict of interest and competition between buyers and sellers in the market economy, the actual selling price of commodities may be affected by the game, monopoly and manipulation between capitalists and workers in the market. Therefore, in modern capitalist society, the realization of the value of a commodity may deviate greatly from its value quantity.

The amount of value of a commodity is determined by the socially necessary labor time, and the more socially necessary labor time expended on the production of a certain commodity, the greater its value, and vice versa, the smaller it is. The higher the social labor productivity of producing a certain commodity, the less socially necessary labor time is consumed, and the smaller the value of the surplus commodity, and vice versa. Therefore, the amount of value of commodities is directly proportional to socially necessary labor time, and inversely proportional to social labor productivity.

The determination of the quantity of commodity value is, first of all, the process of transforming individual labor time into socially necessary labor time, and individual value into social value, that is, market value, through competition among commodity producers within the production sector.

The law of value is the basic law of commodity movement. The basic content of the law of value is that the amount of value of commodities is determined by the socially necessary labor time, and commodities are exchanged according to the principle of equivalent exchange. The law of value is manifested in the form of fluctuations around value.

For example, if a kettle requires 5 hours of socially necessary labor and a bucket requires 15 hours, according to the law of value, if there is to be an exchange, it is three kettles for one bucket.

And if with the development of science and technology and productivity, the social labor productivity required to produce water bottles increases, then the value will decrease.

The value of a commodity depends on the socially necessary working time (i.e., the average social working time), and the higher the socially necessary labor time, the higher the value of the commodity. Individual labor time is the specific production cost of a single commodity, high individual labor time means that the manufacturer's production cost is high, and when the individual labor time is higher than the socially necessary labor time, the products produced by the factory are not competitive and will be eliminated.

The amount of value of the commodity: refers to the magnitude of the value of the commodity.

2) Individual Labor Time and Socially Necessary Labor Time Individual labor time refers to the time spent by individual commodity producers to produce goods, which becomes individual labor time. Socially necessary labor time refers to the labor time required to produce a certain use value under the existing normal social production conditions and under the average social labor proficiency and labor intensity. The amount of value of a commodity is determined by the socially necessary labor time required to produce it.

3) The relationship between the amount of value of commodities and labor productivity The higher the productivity of labor, the less the amount of value per unit of commodity. The amount of value per unit of commodity is directly proportional to the amount of socially necessary labor embodied in the commodity, and inversely proportional to the social labor productivity of the commodity.