Chemical precipitation, what are the chemical precipitations

Solubility of common substances (1):

Potassium, sodium, nitric acid solubility, (potassium salts, sodium salts, and nitrates are all soluble in water.) Hydrochloric acid except silver (m) mercury, (hydrochloride is soluble except silver chloride and mercurous chloride.) Speaking of sulfate, there is no room for barium and lead, (the insoluble in sulfate are barium sulfate and lead sulfate.)

The rest of the salts, (carbonates, sulfites, phosphates, silicates, and sulfides) dissolve only potassium, sodium, and ammonium, (only the corresponding potassium salts, sodium salts, and ammonium salts are soluble) and finally alkalis, potassium, sodium, ammonium, and barium. (Potassium hydroxide, sodium hydroxide, barium hydroxide and ammonia are soluble).

Substance solubility formula (2):

Potassium sodium ammonium salt nitrate, complete dissolution is not difficult, mercuric chloride, silver chloride, barium sulfate and lead sulfate.

Generate precipitate between the minds, hydrosulfates and alkalis, carbonate phosphate nitrate, soluble only potassium sodium ammonium.

Solubility formula (3):

Potassium, sodium, ammonium, nitrate is fully dissolved, and there is no salt that does not dissolve water.

Chloride, to remember, only silver is insoluble.

Sulfate, much soluble, only barium rests in water.

Carbon-phosphate is simple, soluble in water potassium sodium ammonium.

Copper hydroxide blue, iron hydroxide red, calcium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfite, silver ion precipitate (except silver nitrate) are basically white

The first class of junior high school was exposed to hydroxides, metal oxides, carbonate precipitation, copper hydroxide blue, iron hydroxide reddish-brown, ferrous hydroxide green, and soon oxidized to reddish-brown.

Calcium carbonate, magnesium carbonate, magnesium hydroxide, barium sulfate, calcium sulfate, barium sulfate, silver ion precipitate (except silver nitrate are white.)

Aluminum hydroxide is white, continues to strengthen alkali white flocculent disappears.

It's been years, and I don't remember this book.

And then there's the memory.

If you don't have a good memory, you can't do it.

<>1.Seven whites: AGCL, BASO4, CAC3, BAC3, MG(OH)2, AL(OH)3, FE(OH)2

2.One blue: Cu(OH)2

3.A reddish-brown: Fe(OH)3

4.Reddish-brown flocculent precipitate - Fe(OH)3

5.Light green precipitate ——-Fe(OH)2

6.Blue flocculent precipitate ——- Cu(OH)2

7.White precipitate——- CaCO3, BaCO3, AGCL, BaSO4, (where BaSO4 and AGCL are white precipitates insoluble in HNO3, CaCO3 BaCO3 is a white precipitate dissolved in HNO3), mg(OH)2

8.Pale yellow precipitate (in aqueous solution) --s

9.Slightly soluble in water——-Ca(OH)2, CaSO4

10.Carbonates, sulfites - except for alkali metals (K, Na, etc.), metal carbonate normal salts other than ammonium salts are insoluble in water and soluble in strong acids.

Commonly used precipitation. 11.Sulfate-BaSO4 is insoluble in non-oxidizing acids, CaSO4 is slightly soluble in water.

12.Hydrochloride – AGX is insoluble in non-oxidizing acids and is becoming less and less soluble (in order of F to I).

13.Sulfides - same as carbonates, sulfites. However, it is noted that Cu2S is a stubborn precipitate and is insoluble in non-oxidizing acids.

14.Silicic acid – the only acid in high school that does not dissolve in water.

15.Acetate – soluble in water except lead acetate. (I usually don't get there).

16.It is "potassium, sodium, ammonium salt, nitrate, which can be dissolved in water".

17.Acid salts of carbonates, sulfites, and metal sulfides are soluble in water. (Cu2S does not have a corresponding acid salt).

Precipitation is a unit operation in which the target product or major impurities in the solution are precipitated in the form of an amorphous solid phase and then separated. Precipitation methods include isoelectric point precipitation, salting out method, organic solvent precipitation method, etc.

The process of producing a separable solid phase from the liquid phase, or an insoluble substance precipitated from a supersaturated solution. Precipitation indicates the process of formation of a new condensed phase, or the process of deposition due to the addition of a precipitant that makes certain ions insoluble compounds. The chemical reaction that produces the precipitation is called the precipitation reaction.

1. White salt precipitation: calcium carbonate, barium carbonate (soluble in acid but insoluble in water, silver chloride, barium sulfate (insoluble in acid and insoluble in water).

3. White alkali precipitation: magnesium hydroxide, aluminum hydroxide.

4. Blue flocculent alkali precipitation: copper hydroxide.

5. Reddish-brown flocculent alkali precipitation: iron hydroxide (3-valent iron ions).

Chemical precipitation is used in water treatment to remove calcium, magnesium, iron, manganese, etc. The organic phosphorus in the wastewater is converted into phosphate after biological treatment, and the water with high calcium and magnesium content is called hard water. Reduce the concentration of calcium and magnesium.