What are the sentence patterns of classical Chinese, what are the sentence patterns of classical Chi

1.The object is preposed.

The so-called object preposition is the component that is usually used as an object, placed in front of the predicate verb to show emphasis. For example, the "of" in "the belief of not believing" is the preposition object. Object prepositions are usually divided into four cases.

1) In the interrogative sentence, the interrogative pronoun is used as the object, and the object is preceded. For example: "What is the king?" ”

2) In the negative sentence, the pronoun is the object, and the object is preposed. For example: "The ancients did not deceive." ”

3) With the help of "of" and "is", the object is advanced. For example: "I don't know how to read the sentence, and I don't understand it." "Diligently studying is urgent, and it is not common. ”

4) The object is preceded in the prepositional phrase. For example: "Otherwise, how did you come here?" ”

2.Adverbial postpposition.

In classical Chinese, prepositional structures are often placed after sentences as complements. For example: "The poor speak to the rich" and "To the rich" are prepositional phrases that are placed after the sentence as complements.

There are two main categories of sentence patterns in classical Chinese: fixed sentence patterns and special sentence patterns. Its special sentence structure can be divided into:

There are four categories of inverted sentences, passive sentences, eleven sentences, and judgment sentences, and inverted sentences are divided into: object preposition sentences, adverbial postposition sentences (prepositional phrase postposition sentences), definite postposition sentences, and subject-verb inverted sentences (predicate predicate preposition sentences).

Common classical Chinese sentence patterns are:

(1) The format of the judgment sentence

Judgment sentences in classical Chinese generally do not use judgment words, but directly use nouns or noun phrases as predicates to express judgments, and often use some particles, modal words, and adverbs to express or strengthen the tone of judgment. The main formats are as follows:

1. After the subject, use the particle "者" to express Teton, and after the predicate, use the modal word "also" to end the tail. Such as:

Honest people, Zhao Zhiliang will also. ("The Biography of Lian Po Lin Xiangru").

Teacher, so preaching and receiving karma to solve doubts. ("The Teacher Says").

2. Only use "者" after the subject to express Teton. Such as:

The millet is planted by the people. ("On the Noble Sushu").

3. Only use "also" after the predicate. Such as:

In this life, it is not passed on. ("The Legend of Stone Bell Mountain").

Where the Tao exists, so does the teacher. ("The Teacher Says").

(2) The format of the passive sentence

Passive sentences in classical Chinese often use certain prepositions, particles, and auxiliary verbs to create a passive format.

1. Use the preposition "for" to introduce the initiative of the behavior. Such as:

The forts were all against the ground. ("Sanyuanli Anti-British").

The rabbit cannot be recovered, and as Song Guoxiao. ("Five Worms").

2. Use the preposition "to" to introduce the initiative of the behavior. Such as:

The husband Zhao is strong and Yan is weak, and Jun is fortunate to be King Zhao, so King Yan wants to marry Jun. ("The Biography of Lian Po Lin Xiangru").

Don't be limited to the time, learn more. ("The Teacher Says").

3. The preposition "be" is used to express passive, and the object of "be" is often omitted. Such as:

One of them said that he was the head of a Western soldier and was also killed. ("Sanyuanli Anti-British").

Believe and be suspicious, loyal and slandered, can you be without complaining? ("The Biography of Qu Yuan").

(3) Special double object

There are two special double objects in classical Chinese, which cannot be understood according to the general double object.

1. Use the double object.

The relationship between the verb and the near object is the verb. Such as:

The two strategies are even, and it is better to lose Qin Qu. ("Lian Po Lin Xiangru Biography") negative Qin", so that Qin is negative. "Negative Qin Song", make Qin negative Song, and make Qin State bear the responsibility of taking responsibility.

The peasants who have beaten the people and returned are all written in this book. ("On Accumulation and Sparseness") to return", so that it returns. "Return to the peasants" and make them return to the peasants.

2. It is a verbal double object.

There is a verbal relationship between the verb and the near object. Such as:

For it, than the car under the door. ("Feng Zhenke Meng Weijun") is "(wéi), a verb, here it means "to prepare". "For it", for (w seedlings) for (wéi), for him.

for it", for (wèi) for (wéi) for (wéi) to drive, prepare for him carriage and horses.

A gentleman who is sick will give up what he wants. ("Ji's Will Cut Away") for", find. "Say it for it" and make an excuse for it.

There are four major types of sentences: judgment sentences, passive sentences, inverted sentences, and omitted sentences. Details are as follows:

1. Judgment sentence is a sentence pattern that classifies sentences according to the nature of the predicate, generally using a noun or noun phrase as a predicate to make a judgment on the attributes of things, that is, to explain what something is or is not. The most significant feature of classical Chinese judgment sentences is that they basically do not use judgment words to express them, but often let nouns or noun phrases act directly.

2. The so-called passive sentence means that the relationship between the subject and the predicate is a passive relationship, that is, the subject is the passive and victim of the behavior expressed by the predicate verb, not the active and implementer. In classical Chinese, the subject of a passive sentence is the predicate verb that indicates the passive and the subject, rather than the active and the implementer.

3. The common abbreviated sentences in classical Chinese are the cases where there are common omitted elements in classical Chinese, and the grasp of the omitted elements is helpful to fully understand the meaning of the sentence.

1. "There are two categories of classical Chinese sentence patterns:

Fixed sentence structure, special sentence structure. Its special sentence structure can be divided into: inverted sentences, passive sentences, omitted sentences, and judgment sentences, and inverted sentences are divided into:

There are four categories: object preposition, adverbial postposition (prepositional phrase postposition), definite postposition, and subject-verb inversion sentence (predicate preposition). ”

Second, examples: 1. 、..,..Also"...Also"...also"...,..,..He"".and other forms. For example: "Those who are incorruptible, Zhao Zhiliang will also." ”

2. Ask what world it is, but I don't know if there is a Han.

3, I don't know the heavenly palace, what year is tonight.

4. Those who are now in the grave.

5, Liang's father is Chu General Xiang Yan.

6. This is the grand view of Yueyang Tower.

7. If you are not dead, you will migrate.

This is all good, and the ambition is loyal and pure.