What causes El Ni o and what are its effects?

The ** part of the Pacific Ocean is the main driver of summer climate change in the Northern Hemisphere. At this time, the monsoon blowing westward along the sea near the equator causes the warm current to accumulate in the west of the Pacific Ocean, and the cold sea water in the lower layer rises in the east, which increases the sea temperature south of the Philippines and north of New Guinea in the western part of the Pacific Ocean. There is also a temperature difference in the atmosphere over these two seas, with low temperature and high pressure in the east, and cold air sinking and flowing westward. In the central Pacific Ocean, there is an atmospheric circulation of cold air at sea level flowing westward and hot air flowing eastward (Walker circulation), which forms a southeast trade wind near sea level.

Sometimes, however, this pressure difference is lower than the multi-year average, and sometimes it increases, a phenomenon known as the Southern OscillationIn the 60s, meteorologists discovered that El Niño and the Southern Oscillation are closely related, and when the pressure difference decreases, El Niño occurs.

Around 11 years old, the warm current enters the cold layer of seawater, until it rolls over, forming El Niño.

El NiñoImpact: The sea surface water temperature on the Pacific coast is abnormally high, the sea water level**, and the formation of a warm current that flows southward.

It has turned the waters of the eastern Pacific Ocean, which were previously cold waters, into warm waters, resulting in tsunamis and storms, resulting in drought in some areas and excessive rainfall in others.

El Niño has a serious impact on China's climate: the number of typhoons has decreased, and after the occurrence of El Niño, the number of tropical storms (typhoons) in the northwest Pacific and the number of landfalls along China's coast are lower than in normal years.

Scientific research

Equatorial winds blow warm water westwards and cold water along South America.

The coast is upwelling. Meteorologists studied El Niño in the late 60s of the 20th century. They consulted the Second World War.

Since the 30-year weather archive, several major "El Niño" phenomena have been discovered.

In the year of occurrence, there have been global weather anomalies.

The global weather anomaly of 1972 coincided with the El Niño Warm Current.

Particularly strong related. In this year, New China built a hand to attack the country.

One of the worst nationwide droughts in history. At the same time, there are some countries and regions that have experienced severe flooding, such as the worst flood in 200 years in Tunisia, Africa, and Peru.

There was the worst flood in 40 years.

Warm water is blowing towards South America, and the cold water no longer upwells to warm the oceans.

At the end of 1982, there was an El Niño Current, and the sea water in the eastern Pacific Ocean near the equatorial region warmed abnormally and widened, and more than 1,700 seabirds inhabiting Christmas Island disappeared around Christmas. Then there were heavy rains and flooding in Peru. By 1983, the Epibrother Niño phenomenon had spread all over the world, with successive anomalous weather occurring in the Americas, Asia, Africa and Europe.

1. The causes of the El Niño phenomenon are:The main conditions for judging the El Niño phenomenon include changes in air pressure, wind direction, sea surface temperature, sea level elevation, fire and mountain activity in the Pacific Rim, anomalous reduction of sea ice in the Antarctic Peninsula, multiple solar eclipses at the poles, and abnormal drought and flood. It is generally believed that the surface temperature of the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean has been above the mean temperature for six consecutive months, indicating that socks have occurred as an El Niño phenomenon.

Second, the impact of El Niño is:1. El Niño events have led to significantly higher global precipitation than in normal years. As a result, frequent floods in the central and eastern Pacific and Pacific coastal countries in South America, as well as severe droughts in India, Indonesia and Australia, will affect many crops in the world.

2. The El Niño phenomenon sometimes contributes to the fact that the number of typhoons in the Northwest Pacific is relatively small, but the number of typhoons in the northwest Pacific is relatively small, but the special situation of super power occurs. For example, Typhoon Shepa (1998) in the 1998 Pacific typhoon season and Super Typhoon Fish (2010) in the 2010 Pacific typhoon season.

The causes of El Niño are as follows:

For people who specialize in the study of natural meteorology, they may not be unfamiliar with El Niño, but in fact, most people are really confused when they hear this term, and they don't know what it is, in fact, as a natural phenomenon, there is a certain reason for the formation of El Niño!

1. The southeast trade winds weaken, when the southeast trade winds blowing near the equator in the southern hemisphere weaken, the cold water flooding in the Pacific region will decrease or stop, resulting in a wide range of abnormal warming of sea water temperature, and the traditional equatorial ocean current and atmospheric circulation are abnormal, resulting in abnormal precipitation in some areas along the Pacific coast, and severe drought in other places.

2. Earth rotation, it is found that the occurrence of El Niño events is related to the change of the Earth's rotation speed, and the short-term change of the Earth's rotation rate is inversely correlated with the change of SST in the eastern equatorial Pacific, that is, when the Earth's rotation rate accelerates in the short term, the SST in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean decreases. Conversely, when the Earth's rotation rate slows down for a short time, the sea surface temperature (SST) in the eastern equatorial Pacific Ocean increases. This suggests that the slowdown in the Earth's rotation may be the main reason for the formation of El Niño.

In addition, the rotation of the earth is also a major cause of El Niño, as the speed of the earth's rotation may also affect the sea surface temperature of the Pacific Ocean, resulting in an increase in the sea surface temperature of the eastern Pacific Ocean.