Help summarize the key difficulties in high school biological immunity

Let's read all the books in Volume 3.,It's best to read it a few times.,Then you don't have to be afraid of any questions.,Book 3 is very important in the college entrance examination.。

First, the function of immune regulation:

Destroys invading pathogens and removes senescent hand kepi, necrotic or cancerous cells from the body.

Second, the immune system includes:

1. Immune organs: places where immune cells are generated, matured or concentrated, such as thymus, bone marrow, tonsil bicha, lymph nodes, spleen, etc.;

2. Immune cells: including phagocytic cells and lymphocytes, the former has no specificity in the middle of the period, and the latter includes T cells and B cells, which mature in the thymus and bone marrow respectively;

3. Immunoactive substances: substances with immune effects produced by lymphocytes or other cells, such as lymphofactors, antibodies, lysozyme, etc.

This is my own note, taken with my phone, click to see a larger image, the words in blue parentheses are secreted interleukin.

Among them, the role of helper T cells: recognition, secretion of lymphokines.

Cytotoxic T lymphocytes: recognition, proliferation, differentiation – effector cytotoxic T cells or memory cytotoxic T cells effector cytotoxic T cells: recognize, bind to target cells, and enable them to lyse memory cytotoxic T cells:

Recognition, rapid proliferation and differentiation – effector cytotoxic T cells B lymphocytes: Recognition – sensitized B cells – (interleukin-2) – proliferation and differentiation into effector B cells or memory B cells.

Effector B lymphocytes: produce antibodies.

Memory B lymphocytes: Identification, rapid proliferation and differentiation should be B cells This is what I typed, I hope it can help you.

Take a good look at the detailed process on the book.

1. Humoral immunity is divided into three stages.

1. Induction stage.

Antigen - phagocytic cell - T cell - B cell.

Antigen – B cells.

2. Reaction stage.

B cells – effector B cells.

B cells – memory cells.

3. Effect stage.

Effector B cells – antibodies – antibody binding to antigen – cell grouping or precipitation – phagocytic cell digestion.

2. Cellular immunity.

1. Induction stage.

Antigen – phagocytic cell – T cell.

2. Reaction stage.

T cells – effector T cells.

T cells – memory cells.

3. Effect stage.

Effector T Cells - Target Cells - Target Cell Lysis - Antigens - Antibodies in Body Fluids Eliminate Effector T Cells - Lymphokines

Viruses have to stay in the host cell, generally, otherwise how to multiply.