The Tusi system of the Tusi system in western Hubei Province, the Tusi system specifically includes

Specifically, the Tusi system includes the Propaganda Division, the Propaganda Division, and the Returnee Propaganda Division.

The Tusi system has the Xuanfu Division, the Xuanfu Division, the Xuanfu Division, the Xuanwu Potato Pacification Division, and the Recruitment Division of the military system, and the Tufu (Orange Yuzhou) county of the administrative system, and all kinds of governors are held by the local ethnic minority leaders, and the positions are hereditary, collectively known as "Tuguan".

It is a magistrate appointed and subdivided by the feudal dynasty, and "the official of the world, the land of the world, and the people of the world" are its important characteristics, that is, the hereditary political ruling power, the hereditary ownership of the land under the jurisdiction and the hereditary ruling right of the peasants attached to the land. The main form of exploitation of serfs by Tusi was mostly labor rent. In addition to providing heavy unpaid labor for the toast, the serfs also had to pay or pay tribute in kind to the toast.

Specifically, the Tusi system includes the Xuanfu Division, the Xuanfu Division, and the Xuanfu Division.

The Tusi system is the organizational form and system of local political power established by the Yuan, Ming Kuanmin, and Qing dynasties in ethnic minority areas. "Tusi", also known as "Tuguan", is appointed and subdivided by the ancient Chinese ** dynasty, "Shiguan, Shitu, Shimin" is its important feature, that is, hereditary political domination, hereditary ownership of the land under the jurisdiction and the hereditary right of the peasants attached to the land.

Before the Yuan Dynasty, the feudal dynasties had adopted the method of "governing the people with local officials". In the Ming Dynasty, the Tusi system developed to its peak, and then gradually declined, and in the Qing Dynasty, it no longer dominated. Until the early 50s of the 20th century, there were still a very small number of remnants of Tusi in Yunnan, Sichuan and other ethnic areas, and the land reform after liberation was completely abolished.

Institutional implications

The Tusi system is a kind of ruling system implemented by the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties on the southern ethnic groups, and it is also a feudal ethnic policy adopted by the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties in the southern ethnic areas, so the Tusi system has had a great impact on the southern ethnic groups, since the Yuan, Ming and Qing dynasties, the history of the southern ethnic groups is inextricably linked with the Tusi system, and the feudal society of the entire southern ethnic group is with the emergence of the Tusi system, development and decline and plays a subtle change.

As a political ruling system, the Tusi system is a product of the times and history, so its influence has two aspects, that is, the positive effects of the early and middle periods and the negative effects of the later period.

The Tusi system is a local political system in ancient China, mainly implemented in the Ming and Qing dynasties, and its roots can be traced back to the Tuguan system in the Tang Dynasty. According to historical records, the Tusi system was mainly implemented in border areas and areas where ethnic minorities gathered, with the aim of maintaining local stability and management.

Specifically, the reasons for the implementation of the toast system are as follows:

1.Maintain stability in the border areas: In areas with a large number of ethnic groups, the Tusi system can play a role in controlling the contradictions and disputes between different ethnic groups and maintaining the stability of local society.

2.Guarantee the production economy: The Tusi system can protect the local agricultural production and commercial economy to a certain extent, and promote the development of the local economy.

3.Use of local talents: The Tusi system encourages local Tusi and local talents to participate in politics, which can play an active role in the management and development of local society.

4.Maintain the ** regime: Tusi and the local elders guarded the frontier and maintained the ** regime's control over the frontier.

Generally speaking, the Tusi system was a kind of rational management of remote ethnic areas under the historical background and political environment at that time, and it played a positive role in maintaining local stability, promoting economic development, and safeguarding patriotism and ethnic unity. <>

Today I want to talk about the toast rail system, many people must not know it. Tusi is an official position in Chinese mainland, which was established in the Yuan Dynasty in order to "control raze with raze", and it is also a system of fetters for local dynasties to rule ethnic minority areas.

Tusi is in fact the local Tu Emperor, whose position has been passed down from generation to generation to uphold the exclusive privilege of rule. They are in charge of the military, politics, economy, civilization, litigation, punishment, etc. Politically, relying on the feudal dynasty, the feudal lordship was hereditary, the territory was divided and ruled, and the military system was implemented to organize the serfs into the local official armed forces by planting official fields and performing military service.

Under the Tusi system, all the people were serfs, they had no land, and in addition to providing heavy unpaid labor for the Tusi and serving as native soldiers, they also had to pay or pay tribute to the Tusi all kinds of things. This kind of feudal serfdom is the economic basis of the Tusi rail system. The Tusi enjoyed a high degree of autonomy over the territory under their jurisdiction, but the Tusi was issued by the imperial court, and they were required to pay tribute to the imperial court every year, and had the task of conscription and assignment.

Tusi to the Ming Dynasty as the heyday, the late Ming Dynasty and early Qing Dynasty Tusi track system declined, the Qing Dynasty in the Kangxi, Yongzheng and Qianlong years after a large-scale "change of land and return to the stream", the Tuguan track system was announced. The Tusi track system is a kind of feudal lord track system, although it is more outdated than the feudal track system, but it is a special track system suitable for minority areas under certain historical conditions, and it has a positive impact on the strengthening of the productive forces and the development of social economy in minority areas, and on strengthening the exchange and integration between ethnic groups and defending the unity of a multi-ethnic country.

On July 4, 2015, at the 39th World Heritage Conference held in Bonn, Germany, the "Chinese Tusi Heritage" declared by China was successfully included in the list of national civilization heritage. "Chinese Tusi Heritage" includes the ruins of the old Sicheng of Yongshun in Hunan, the ruins of Hailongtun in Banzhou, Guizhou, and the ruins of Tusi City in Tangya, Hubei.

The Tusi site not only brings people a sense of artistic beauty, but also allows people to better understand the survival situation of China's ethnic minority areas, the productivity and the water safety and calm management system, so as to understand the development of the history of China's country and nation. In addition, the Tusi site is also a manifestation of the diversity of Chinese civilization, and the selection of the world's heritage can make the world more understand the colorful Chinese civilization.

If you get tired of watching it, make a joke to make you happy and relax.

B always applied to work in a new company, today the first day, came to the company very early to go to the boss's office to clean, is cleaning, the boss came in, I: "The boss is good!" "Boss:

Didn't the HR department tell you what my last name was? Me: "I'm sorry, my first day at work, I don't know."

CEO: "Hint, up and down, what do you call your last name?" "I:

Good day! ”