Chemistry How are acids, bases, salts classified, and what are their characteristics?

The cations generated during ionization are all hydrogen ions (H+) compounds called acids, and the anions ionized in aqueous solution are all hydroxide ions (today's theory believes that the substances that can absorb protons during ionization are basic, and the anions are all oh- are bases, collectively known as alkali salts, which are the products of acid and base neutralization (neutralization reaction), which are composed of metal ions (including ammonium ions) and acid ions.

Acid: Chemically refers to a compound in which the cations produced when ionized in an aqueous solution are all hydrogen ions. It can be divided into inorganic acids and organic acids.

Base refers to a substance that ionizes anions in an aqueous solution and is all OH-; In acid-base proton theory, a base refers to a substance that can accept protons; In acid-base electron theory, the clear base refers to the electron donor.

Salts refer to a class of metal ions or ammonium ions (NH4+) combined with acid ions or non-metal ions. Such as sodium chloride, calcium nitrate, ferrous sulfate and ammonium acetate calcium sulfate.

A solution is made up of at least two substances.

1. A stable mixture in which the dispersed substance (solute) is dispersed in molecules or smaller particles in another substance (solvent).

A compound in which all cations produced during ionization are hydrogen ions (H+) is called sockish acid. To put it simply, acids are compounds that contain hydrogen. Like HCl, H2SO4, HNO3, etc., acids have 5 major notices to be neutral, 1 reacts with indicators, 2 reacts with active metals for displacement, 3 reacts with basic oxides, 4 reacts with certain salts, and 5 neutralizes with alkalis.

Alkali is a general term for compounds containing hydroxides, such as Ca(OH)2, NaOH, KOH, etc., alkali has 4 generalities, 1. Alkali solution can react with acid-base indicator, 2. Alkali can react with acid to generate salt and water, 3. Alkali solution can react with non-metallic oxides to generate salt and water, 4. Alkali solution can react with salt to generate new alkali and new salt.

Salt, of course, is not the one eaten (- is a compound composed of metal ions (or ammonium ions NH4+) and acid ions, that is, a combination of metal elements and acid groups, like NaCl, Na2CO3, KCl, etc.

Acid salt is acidic in water, and the chemical formula is strong acid and weak base.

Acids are composed of H+ (hydrogen ions) and acid ions (

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1. Definition of acid, alkali and salt.

1. Acid is a compound composed of hydrogen and acid ions; Acid ===h++ acid ion base is a compound composed of metal ions and hydroxide ions; Base ===OH-+ metal ion salts are compounds composed of metal ions and acid ions. Salt === metal ion + acid ion 2, common acids are hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid.

The reason why acids have similar chemical properties: they all contain the same hydrogen ions in their solutions.

The reason for the different chemical properties of hydrochloric acid and sulfuric acid: they contain different acid ions.

For example, hydrochloric acid can react with silver nitrate, while sulfuric acid can react with barium salt solution.

3. Common alkalis include sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide.

The reason why bases have similar chemical properties: they all contain the same hydroxide ions in their solutions.

The reason why sodium hydroxide and calcium hydroxide have different chemical properties: they contain different metal ions.

For example, calcium hydroxide solution can react with sodium carbonate solution.

4. Common salts include calcium carbonate, sodium carbonate, sodium bicarbonate and sodium chloride.

2. Chemical properties of acids, alkalis and salts.

1. The action of acid and indicator can make the purple litmus solution red, and the phenolphthalein solution does not change color 2. The alkali and the indicator can make the colorless phenolphthalein solution red, and the purple litmus solution turns blue 3. Acid + metal --- salt + hydrogen (react with acid, it is difficult to carry out after hydrogen) mg, al, zn, fe

4. Salt + metal --- new salt + new metal.

and salt solution, the pre-gold is replaced with the post-gold).

5. Alkali + non-metal oxide --- salt + water (alkali soluble) CO2, SO2 and SO3 react with NaOH and Ca(OH)2 respectively 6, acid + metal oxide ---10

Acids: H2SO4 (sulfuric acid), HCl (hydrochloric acid), HNO3 (nitrate) bases: NaOH (sodium hydroxide), KOH (potassium hydroxide), NH4OH (ammonia) salts:

Na2CO3 (sodium carbonate), CuSO4 (copper sulfate), HF, HBR, HCL, HCLO3, H3Bo3 acid with hydrogen NaOH in front, Ca(OH)2 base in front and hydroxide in the back.

NaCl, Na2CO3, CuSO4 salts.