Why did the revival of Western European cities and the development of the commodity economy strength

Isn't it, the revival of Western European cities and the development of the commodity economy led to the development of capitalism, the bourgeoisie began to emerge and seek to maximize economic interests, and as economic interests continued to expand, correspondingly, the bourgeoisie had corresponding political demands, so there would be a constitutional monarchy and a democratic republic, in fact, the royal power was weakened, I am talking about the long term. Perhaps in the short term, for a period of time, for example, after the opening of new shipping routes, the Spanish and Portuguese royal families have obtained a large number of **, and in the short term, the royal assets have increased, and the royal power has indeed strengthened to a certain extent. But in fact it is true that in the long run will be the weakening of royal power.

The landlord looks at today, the most developed United States, there is no king.

It's not easy to hit by hand, hope!

2017 Huanggang) In the 11th and 12th centuries, the urban residents of Western Europe had a strong sense of fighting for urban autonomy and opposing the feudal aristocracy, and the stories of fighting for urban autonomy and anti-feudal aristocracy in Langcheng, Venice, Florence, Paris, London, etc., were widely circulated among the people of Western Europe and praised by the citizens, which reflected the value orientation of the citizen class at that time.

2016 Huanggang) From the 11th to the 13th century, Western European cities such as Frankfurt, London, Venice, Genoa, Paris, Florence and so on arose during this period. The greatest significance of the rise of cities in Western Europe is that it laid the foundation for the emergence and development of capitalism in Western Europe.

The main reason: the rapid development of capitalist industry and commerce.

There were two areas where medieval cities first emerged in Western Europe: the Po River valley in northern Italy, and Flanders (a city in southern France) on the North Sea coast. The cities of Milan, Venice, Bruges and Ghent sprang up here.

This is followed by the Rhine Valley and some cities in northern France, with the rest of the region being relatively late.

Before the rise of these cities, the lands of Western Europe had been divided among secular feudal lords. Most of the cities arose in the territory of feudal lords, and were therefore exploited by the lords. The city had to pay the lord in kind and money, for labor or military service, and to pay all kinds of exorbitant taxes.

Therefore, after the rise of the city, various forms (overt or covert) and various means (armed struggle or money ransom) were used to fight against the lords, and the anti-lord struggles in some cities won the support of the royal power for a certain period of time. The struggle of the cities for freedom and autonomy is known in France as the "urban commune movement". As a result, some cities have gained a certain degree of freedom and privileges, and have become "free cities".

1.Cities are the epitome of social progress; 2.The rise of cities and the development of commodity-money relations played a role in the disintegration and destruction of the natural economy of the countryside, the economic basis of the feudal system; 3.

The development of the city must be conditioned by commerce, and commerce must also depend on the development of the city; 4.The rise and development of cities changed the class composition in the Middle Ages and brought about new changes in the class struggle. or 1

The development of the urban and commodity economy has had a great impact on the natural economy of the countryside. From the 13th century onwards, labor and rent in kind in many countries in Western Europe were gradually replaced by monetary rent, and the feudal lords rented out almost all of their camps in order to obtain more money, and finally dissolved the manor, and the lord system was gradually replaced by the landlord system; 2.The relationship between the feudal lords and the peasants gradually changed to a purely monetary relationship, serfdom disappeared, and some even became yeoman peasants who owned not only tools and movable property, but also land.

Under the influence of commodity-money relations, the free peasantry will inevitably be polarized: a few will be rich, and the majority will be poor and bankrupt, which will intensify the class contradictions; 3.The political implications of the rise of cities are enormous.

The citizens demanded the creation of favorable conditions for the development of industry and commerce, opposed feudal separatism, and supported the unification of the country and the strengthening of royal power; 4.The rise and prosperity of cities has also led to great cultural changes. A secular culture that reflected the interests of the citizens gradually developed, and the philosophy of nominalism and Roman law began to be revived, creating the conditions for the rise of the Renaissance and the Reformation.

The rapid development of capitalist industry and commerce:

The avenues for the rise of cities in medieval Western Europe were varied. The birth of the city marked the beginning of a new period in the internal history of Western Europe. On the basis of promoting the disintegration of the feudal system and the economy, it developed capitalism internally.

Although the political, social, economic and historical background conditions of Western European countries are different, and the problems encountered are also different, the basic trend of modern urban development in the West should be said to be the same.

1. The idea of urban transformation starting from physical planning.

2. Reflection on large-scale urban transformation.

3. The idea of sustainable urban rejuvenation.

1. The revival of urban democratic life: A prominent phenomenon of the revival of civic humanism is the revival of the democratic life of urban citizens.

2. But in the Middle Ages, this tradition and consciousness was once invaded by the notion that feudal privilege was a matter of course. The Renaissance also revived the political traditions and sense of equality of the classical era.

3. It is the political tradition of ancient Greece and Rome that citizens participate in the political activities of the city-state on an equal footing, and the consciousness of equality of all citizens in the city-state is deeply rooted in the hearts of the people.

4. The revival of the ancient Roman legal code: The development of the city and the revival of the democratic activities of the citizens also brought about the revival of the Roman legal code.

5. While cities in other countries and regions in Western Europe still retain the rights of cities by "charters", Italian cities, especially those in the north that have established urban republics, already have urban laws, commercial laws and maritime laws.

6. This is mainly due to the development of urban industry and commerce, the increasingly complex relationship between commodity money economy and property, and the increasing importance of movable property, and the resulting many new political and economic relations need to be legally confirmed and adjusted, that is, the citizen class needs new laws and the use of these laws to confirm and protect citizen ownership, and adjust the relationship between the citizen class and all aspects of society.

The revival of Western European cities led to the development of handicrafts and technological advances, which led to the expansion of commerce** and transportation.