What are the physiological characteristics of suckling piglets?

1) Poor ability to regulate body temperature.

Piglets are born in the cerebral cortex.

Development is not sound enough through the nervous system.

Poor ability to regulate body temperature. Newborn suckling pigs have little nutrients in their bodies, and blood sugar, for example, is only enough to maintain the needs of suckling pigs for several hours. Moreover, the body fat of the suckling pig is limited, and it is impossible to provide energy for the suckling pig for a long time, and in the case of timely lactation in the cold environment, the suckling pig is easy to die due to hunger and cold.

2) Lack of innate immunity.

Piglets are born without innate immunity because the immune antibody is a macromolecule-globulin, which is due to the maternal blood vessels and the fetal umbilical cord during the embryonic period.

The blood vessels are separated by 6 or 7 layers of tissue, which limits the transfer of maternal antibodies through the bloodstream to the fetus. As a result, piglets are born with no innate immunity and cannot produce antibodies on their own. Only eat colostrum.

Later, the colostrum is used to pass on the mother's antibodies to the piglets. After a week, the transition to self-produced antibodies gives rise to immunity.

3) The digestive organs are underdeveloped, and the function of the digestive glands is incomplete.

Piglets are born with only rennet and pepsin in their stomachs.

Rarely, due to the underdevelopment of the fundic glands and the lack of free hydrochloric acid, pepsin is inactive and cannot digest proteins, especially vegetable ones. At this time, only the intestinal gland and pancreas are relatively fully developed, and trypsin.

Intestinal amylase and lactase.

The activity is high, and the food is mainly digested in the small intestine. As a result, newborn piglets can only be fed milk and cannot use plant-based feed. Another manifestation of the imperfection of the digestive function of suckling piglets is that the rate at which food passes through the digestive tract is particularly fast, and the rate at which food enters the stomach and empties is an hour at 15 days of age, 3 5 hours at 30 days of age, and 16 19 hours at 60 days of age.

4) Fast growth rate.

The fast growth of suckling pigs is due to the vigorous metabolism of substances, especially the metabolism of protein, calcium and phosphorus, which is much higher than that of adult pigs. At 20 days of age, the amount of protein deposited per kilogram of body weight is equivalent to 30 35 times that of an adult pig; The net metabolic energy required per kilogram of body weight is 3 times that of an adult pig. As a result, piglets are more sensitive to nutrient needs, both in quantity and quality, than adult pigs, and are particularly sensitive to nutrient-poor feed responses.

Therefore, it is necessary to ensure that the piglets have sufficient nutrients**.

Answer: Suckling piglets have the following physiological characteristics: The digestive organs are underdeveloped, and the digestive glands are not perfect.

When feeding, we should choose nutritious and easy-to-digest feed, and adopt the method of regular and quantitative feeding and frequent feeding. Fast growth and development, vigorous metabolic function, strong ability to utilize nutrients. The piglets must be fed with a balanced diet at full price, especially to ensure the needs of calcium, phosphorus and protein.

Lack of innate immunity, weak disease resistance, easy to get sick, and high mortality rate. Colostrum should be eaten well, and trained to start eating early, and at the same time, attention should be paid to the cleanliness and hygiene of feed and drinking water, so as to reduce pollution and prevent diseases. Piglets have an imperfect function of regulating body temperature, have poor cold resistance, and are easily frozen or frozen to death.

Infrared lamps can be used for heating, and dry, soft bedding can be laid to prevent piglets from being too cold and causing death.

The anatomical structure of the sow is that the upper part is the rectum, the middle is the birth canal, and the bottom is the bladder. When the sow is constipated, the hard fecal bulb in the rectum directly compresses the birth canal, resulting in poor uterine blood flow, uneven uterine muscle nutrition, deterioration of the uterine environment, and finally poor uniformity of piglets at birth, and even stillbirth.

Don't urge him when he is familiar with himself, and he is beautiful when he is full. This refers to the way pork is cooked. Don't urge him when he is familiar with himself, and he is beautiful when he is full.

According to a joint study by Durham University and China Agricultural University, the local pigs produced in China today are in the same vein as the pigs domesticated by the ancient Chinese thousands of years ago, and have not been replaced or mixed with the bloodline of wild boars.

As the first country to raise domestic pigs, the Chinese pig breed has been spread in the Han Dynasty. The ancient Roman Empire introduced South China pigs. According to the record of the Song Dynasty historian Zhou Qufei, "The boat is like a huge room, and the sail is like a cloud hanging from the sky."

Dragged for several zhang, hundreds of people in a boat, accumulated a year's grain, and made wine. It tells the story of the export of Chinese pig breeds, which were later crossed with local pigs to breed the famous pig breed of Neapolitan pig in ancient Rome.

Sows are mammals, and their physiological structures include the nervous system, endocrine system, digestive system, respiratory system, circulatory system, reproductive system, urinary excretory system, and locomotor system.

Pigs have great potential as a biomedical model to study human developmental processes, congenital diseases, and pathogen response mechanisms, in addition to being a xenogeneic organ donor and a tool for vaccine and drug design.

The digestive system is not perfect.

Piglets are born with incomplete digestive organs, the weight and volume of their gastrointestinal tract are relatively small, and the secretion of digestive enzymes is insufficient, and the function of digestion and absorption is imperfect, such as the pepsin of piglets at birth in a zymogen state, can not digest protein, especially the digestion of vegetable protein is worse. In addition, the digestive system of newborn piglets is very fragile, and it is easy to be infected by external pathogenic microorganisms and cause indigestion and diarrhea. The stomach weight of the 1-day-old piglet is only 4 8g, which can only hold about 40ml of milk.

Throughout lactation, the gastrointestinal tract of the piglet grows rapidly, and at 35 to 40 days of age, pepsin begins to digest and the digestive function gradually improves.

Poor cold resistance.

Newborn piglets are extremely intolerant to low temperatures due to their incomplete cerebral cortex and thermoregulatory centers, low subcutaneous fat, sparse coat, and insufficient body fat and glycogen stores that provide heat. If you see newborn piglets erecting their back hairs, curling up their bodies, or gathering together to keep warm in the farrowing room, the temperature in the farrowing room must be below 25. If the farrowing room continues to be cold, it will lead to slow growth of piglets during lactation, and in severe cases, piglets will develop hypoglycemia and even cause death.

Therefore, it is necessary to understand the appropriate temperature of newborn piglets and strictly do a good job of heat preservation, the most suitable temperature for newborn piglets in 6 hours after farrowing is about 35, 32 34 within 2 days of age, 7 21 days old can gradually drop from 30 to 24, and the most suitable temperature for three weeks after weaning is 24 26.

The rate of growth and development is fast.

Piglets are born with a small weight, usually 1 2kg, less than 1% of the body weight of adult pigs, but their growth and development after birth is very fast, the ability to use nutrients is very strong, 10 days old can reach 2 times the newborn weight, 30 days old to reach 5 7 times, 60 days old weight up to 15 20kg, an increase of more than 10 15 times. Generally, the vitality and growth rate of piglets with relatively large body weight in a litter are better than those of piglets with relatively small body weight, and the relative mortality rate is lower, and the care is relatively simple; Piglets with small body weight or pale and poor vitality have low resistance and are prone to death, so it is necessary to give more comprehensive care. <>

The immune system is underdeveloped.

Because newborn piglets cannot obtain macromolecular immunoglobulins from sows through the umbilical cord, they lack innate immunity and are susceptible to the invasion of external bacteria and viruses after birth. At the same time, within 24 hours after birth, the small intestinal wall of newborn piglets is more permeable, and immunoglobulin can be completely absorbed, and it can be absorbed into the blood without transformation and play a direct role; The intestinal wall of newborn piglets becomes less permeable after 24 hours of birth, at which point it is no longer able to absorb complete immunoglobulin molecules; In addition, maternal antibodies in colostrum were highest in the first 6 hours after farrowing and dropped sharply after 24 hours. In summary, giving newborn piglets a sufficient amount of colostrum, especially within 6 hours after birth, can effectively reduce the morbidity of piglets and reduce death.

The physiological characteristics of piglets are: the ability to resist the external environment is weak, the environmental temperature must be guaranteed, and the ability to resist can only be resisted by eating breast milk in time, and the environment should be quiet, which is conducive to the rest and growth of piglets.

Physiological characteristics of newborn piglets: firstly, their digestive organs are not fully developed when they are born, so the function of digestion and absorption is not perfect, and secondly, the cerebral cortex and body temperature regulation center of newborn piglets are not fully developed, and there is little subcutaneous fat, so they are extremely intolerant to low temperatures. Thirdly, they grow and develop rapidly, and because newborn piglets cannot obtain large molecules of immunoglobulins from the sow's body through the umbilical cord, they lack innate immunity.

Feeding milk began two hours after birth, and 100 200 mg of iron was injected on the third day, which can effectively prevent anemia in piglets and keep the farrowing room dry so as not to cause piglets to get sick and cold.

The main body structure of pigs is: head, neck, torso, limbs, tail, organs, hair, skin, muscles, bones, and internal organs.

Head organs: eyes, nose, mouth, ears;

Internal organs: heart, liver, lungs, spleen, stomach, kidneys, intestines;

System structure: nervous system, respiratory system, digestive system, circulatory system.

Nursery pigs refer to piglets raised in the nursery after weaning, that is, from leaving the farrowing room to being transferred out of the nursery, generally referring to piglets at the age of 30 70 days and weighing 20 60 kg.

Physiological characteristics of nursery pigs: First, fast growth and development. The appetite of nursery pigs is particularly strong, and often shows the phenomenon of grabbing and gluttony, which is called the vigorous eating period of pigs.

If the feeding management is done properly, the piglets grow rapidly, and the daily weight gain is more than 500 grams. Second, it has a high susceptibility to diseases. Because piglets basically lose the protection of maternal antibodies at weaning, and their own active immunity has not been established, they are very susceptible to infectious gastroenteritis, circovirus disease and other diseases.

The third is poor cold resistance. Once the nursery pigs have left the warm farrowing room and the sow's arms, there is a process of adaptation. If you live in an environment below 18 for a long time, it will not only affect its growth and development, but also induce a variety of diseases.