After Zhuge Liang lost it in the street pavilion, why did he regress when he had such a big advantag

It is said that in 228 AD, Zhuge Liang's first northern expedition, the main general is Zhuge Liang's right-hand man Ma Tan, the original battle of the street pavilion is bound to win, however, what Zhuge Liang did not expect is that Ma Tan actually violated the regulations, abandoned the water source on the street pavilion, and also went to Nanshan to guard, giving up the town under the mountain. For an army, water is very important, and once the army runs out of water, it is a very terrible thing. Ma Tan made such a mistake that should not have been made, so that Zhang He seized the opportunity, Zhang He led the troops to surround the Shu army, and also controlled the water source on the mountain, which made the water supply of the Shu army have serious problems and the army is unstable.

In the end, the Shu army suffered heavy losses, the street pavilion was also lost, Zhuge Liang had to lead the army to retreat, and the first Northern Expedition was also declared a failure. In fact, after the loss of Jieting, the Shu army still had a great advantage, why did Zhuge Liang decisively withdraw from the battlefield and end the first Northern Expedition?

After the loss of the street pavilion, the reason why Zhuge Liang led his troops to retreat was because he was worried that he would be surrounded by the Wei army and the whole army would be annihilated. This place of Jieting, located in the east of Qin'an County, Tianshui City, Gansu Province, is about 45 kilometers away, because of the dangerous terrain, the valley is vertical and horizontal, and it has always been a place where soldiers must fight. As long as you control the place of Jieting, you will strangle the two rich places of Guanzhong and Longyou, and you can attack and retreat and defend.

In fact, at the time of Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition, both Guanzhong and Longyou were Cao Wei's sphere of influence. The Wei army took Jieting, which meant that the communication arteries between Guanzhong and Longyou were opened, and the army could be quickly mobilized from these two places, and then the Shu army was encircled.

Of course, at that time, because Cao Wei also had to guard against Eastern Wu, a large army was arranged on the Eastern Front, and the troops in Guanzhong and Longyou were relatively small, but despite this, Cao Wei could still quickly transfer troops. Although Zhuge Liang had the advantage, he still didn't dare to gamble, so he led his troops to retreat. In fact, the role of the street pavilion to Shu Han is not insignificant, if Ma Tan can stick to the street pavilion, Shu Han is bound to seize the Longyou land from Cao Wei and enter the Guanzhong region, and then greatly narrow the strength gap between Shu Han and Cao Wei.

For Ma Yan, he only needs to follow Zhuge Liang's policy and honestly defend the danger. However, Ma Tan wanted to make another proposition and climb the mountain to defend, but was defeated by Zhang He and lost control of the street pavilion.

In fact, if Ma Jian can hold out for a while longer, when Zhuge Liang takes the land of Longyou, he can lead troops to support Ma Tan. However, Ma Jian was defeated too much and too quickly, and Zhuge Liang was also caught off guard. Under such circumstances, the Shu army had to face the flanking attack of Cao Wei's garrison troops and Zhang He's reinforcements, and Emperor Wei Ming personally sat in Chang'an.

Zhuge Liang was originally a cautious person, although he had a great advantage, but he was not willing to take risks, and finally chose to retreat.

All in all, after the loss of the street pavilion, the reason why Zhuge Liang retreated was that he was worried about being surrounded by Cao Wei's army.

Losing the street pavilion, Zhuge Liang failed to capture Qishan, the Wei army attacked, and Zhuge Liang had no place to defend, so he could only retreat.

1. Zhuge Liang's first Northern Expedition was so smooth in the early stage, but it was unexpected.

After the Battle of Yiling, Shu Han had recovered under the governance of Zhuge Liang. At that time, Cao Rui had just succeeded to the throne for two years, and Cao Wei's internal contradictions were a little too much, and at this time Zhuge Liang felt that this was an opportunity, so he began the Northern Expedition. For Cao Wei, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was completely unexpected, and no one expected that Shu Han would come to attack them, so they did not arrange many people on the border of Shu Han.

Therefore, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition can be said to have been advancing all the way at the beginning, and the momentum was like a bamboo, connecting several cities. When the news reached Cao Wei, Cao Rui personally went to Chang'an to supervise the battle and sent Cao Zhen and Zhang He to support first. At that time, Zhuge Liang was attacking Qishan, which was easy to defend and difficult to attack.

Zhuge Liang wanted to let people defend the street pavilion, and he captured Qishan himself. He captured Qishan, even if Cao Wei's army came, then he could also use the geographical location of Qishan to defend. <>

Second, the injury of the street pavilion, the Northern Expedition was doomed to failure.

Zhuge Liang sent Ma Tan to guard the street pavilion. Ma Tan came to the street pavilion and found that the street pavilion was in an excellent geographical location, so he came up with the idea of leading a team of people into the mountain, and when the Cao Wei vanguard came, he would rush down from the mountain and be like a bamboo. Cao Wei's vanguard was Zhang He, Zhang He came to the street pavilion, first did not attack the street pavilion but surrounded the horse in the mountain, cut off its water source, and was finally broken by Zhang He one by one, and the street pavilion was lost.

The street pavilion was lost too quickly, which Zhuge Liang didn't expect, he hadn't captured Qishan yet. At this time, Cao Wei's army had already come to support, so he had to withdraw his troops, and the first Northern Expedition failed. Although Zhuge Liang has won so much territory, there is still a big gap between Shu Han and Cao Wei in terms of hard power, and Zhuge Liang can't hold it.

Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition is actually doomed to failure, first of all, Zhuge Liang is a person with strong political ability and poor strategy, such a person is not the material for leading troops to fight. Second, the main reason for Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was not to conquer Cao Wei, but to appease the internal contradictions of Shu Han. Therefore, the Northern Expedition was doomed to failure.

Jieting lost three counties and was recovered by Zhang He, Yongliang became a momentum into an iron bucket, Cao Zhen got Zhang He's information, Zhao Yun is not the main force, and there is no longer Chang'an to worry about the future, so he directly attacked the valley with all his might, or went around the road to disperse the pass to the Han Dynasty, interrupted the Zhuge grain road and retreat, and even Qishan has not yet taken Zhuge If he does not retreat, is he ready to put himself and Hanzhong into it?

There is no danger to defend, what's important, if you really want to defend it, you have to build a city, Zhuge Liang doesn't dare to fight Zhang He!

Because the street pavilion is an important level, after losing the street pavilion, there is no such advantage, so it has to regress.

After the street pavilion was lost, there was no grain and grass**. The ancients had a saying, "Before the soldiers and horses move, the grain and grass go first." "It is enough to see the importance of grain and grass. So there is no food and grass**, so Zhuge Liang chose to regress.

Because of the importance of the strategic location of the street pavilion, Zhuge Liang was very clear at that time, once all the advantages were lost, they would be gone

Simple process: Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, because the street pavilion is a military location, sent Ma Tan to defend it. Ma Tan claimed to have been familiar with military books since he was a child, and was familiar with the subtlety of the art of war, and did not listen to the persuasion of the deputy general Wang Ping, so he stationed his men and horses on the mountain, condescendingly, and regarded one as ten.

When Sima Yi led his troops to attack, he trapped Ma Jian on the mountain, cut off its waterway, and set fire to the mountain, causing Ma Tan's army to chaos without a fight, so he lost the street pavilion.

Background: In 226 (the seventh year of the reign of Huang Chu of Wei and the fourth year of Jianxing of Shu), Emperor Wen of Wei Cao Pi died, and the crown prince Cao Yi [ruì] ascended the throne, appointing Xiahou 楙 [máo] to garrison Chang'an, and Guanzhong was empty.

In 227 (the first year of Wei Taihe, the fifth year of Shu Jianxing), Meng Da and Zhuge Liang corresponded many times and secretly promised to return to Shu; Meng Da and Wei Xing were too guarded by Shen Yi There was an estrangement, and Shen Yi secretly denounced Meng Da. When Meng Da heard about it, he was frightened and tried to raise troops to rebel; Sima Yi wrote a letter to comfort and persuade him, but Meng Da hesitated. Sima Yi secretly led his army to attack Xincheng.

Zhuge Liang saw an opportunity, so he decided to make a big northern expedition.

The main reason is Zhuge Liang's mistake in employing people, everyone suggested that the generals Wei Yan, Wu Yi and others should be used as the main generals, but Zhuge Liang did not adopt it, but appointed his own army Ma Jian to lead the army。Therefore, in the Battle of Jieting, Zhuge Liang was defeated.

The Battle of the Street Pavilion went by:

Zhuge Liang was a famous military strategist and statesman during the Three Kingdoms period. When he attacked Qishan, many people suggested that Wei Yan, Wu Yi and others should be the main generals, but Zhuge Liang did not have this suggestion, but appointed his own army member Ma Jian to lead the army. Later, Zhuge Liang ordered Ma Tan to guard the street pavilion against the attack of Cao Wei's Zhang He.

However, Ma Tan disobeyed Zhuge Liang's instructions and made a dissatisfying move in Jieting, and abandoned the water source, choosing to defend on Nanshan instead of occupying the town below the mountain. General Wang Ping persuaded Ma Jian many times, but Ma Jian did not have any. Soon after, Zhang He arrived and surrounded the mountainous area, cut off the water source of the Ma Tan army on the mountain, and used rockets to attack the Ma Tan army, breaking the Ma Tan army, scattering the soldiers and disintegrating the army.

Zhuge Liang's defeat in the Battle of Jieting was mainly due to the following reasons:

The strategy failed: Zhuge Liang's strategy did not achieve the desired effect, such as borrowing the enemy's letter to divert the enemy's attention, Zhuge Liang did not take into account the opponent's adjustment.

Lack of military experience: Zhuge Liang was a wise man, but his lack of military experience led to his lack of military combat ability.

The enemy army is strong: Zhuge Liang faced an extremely strong enemy army, and his army was difficult to contend with.

Low morale of the army: Zhuge Liang's army was not highly motivated, and it was difficult to exert its maximum strength in the war.

Zhuge Liang's defeat does not mean that he is a loser, but his performance in other battles is very good. He was one of the greatest sages in Chinese history and had a profound impact on Chinese history and culture.