After Ma Tan lost the street pavilion, why did Zhuge Liang have to retreat?

First, those who have seen the Three Kingdoms know that guarding the street pavilion is the most important part of the success of the First Northern Expedition, because the front of the Northern Expedition is too long, and the first thing to solve is the problem of food and grass for the soldiers.

Guarding the street pavilion can ensure that the grain and grass energy in the rear is continuously transported to the front line for the consumption of the Shu army, and Ma Jian loses the street pavilion, which is equivalent to losing the lifeblood of the army in front, and even the problem of eating cannot be solved, let alone going to war.

Second, the location of the street pavilion is located in the middle of the Northern Expedition line, if you lose the street pavilion and do not retreat in time, Sima Yi can completely make the Shu army unable to take care of each other, the front can attack the troops in front of you, and the back can attack your grain and grass base, and withdrawing the army back is the only solution.

And if the retreat is not timely, all the living forces that have been accumulated over the years may be eaten by Sima Yi, and he doesn't know when he wants to support the Han family, so Zhuge Liang has to stage an empty city plan to win time for the army to retreat.

I think this is a very simple historical question, we all know that Ma Jian was also a very proud subordinate of Zhuge Liang at that time, since Zhuge Liang took such a fancy to him, it was very important for him to guard this place, and the fact is also true, the street pavilion at that time was a place where the army's grain and grass were stored.

First of all, Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition was very far away, so his troops must have reserve materials, at this time, Ma Tan lost the street pavilion, that is, Zhuge Liang's food problem was cut off, there is no food to talk about war, empty yourself have brains but no one who fights for you must not be able to do it, so at this time you must not attack, you must retreat.

Secondly, I think Zhuge Liang's retreat is reasonable, the loss of Jieting already means that the Northern Expedition has failed, and a timely withdrawal can ensure the effective combat strength of the Shu army, if there is no retreat at this time to continue the attack, it will only be more futile and bury the names of more people, so Zhuge Liang chose to withdraw the army.

A big reason for this failure was because of Ma Tan, so later there was "Tears and Horse Tan".

After Ma Tan lost the street pavilion, the reason why Zhuge Liang immediately withdrew his troops was because the grain route of the Shu army had been cut off by the other party at that time, in this case, if he continued to fight with Cao Wei's army, the army's morale would be scattered, not only could not achieve victory, but would be completely annihilated, and only by retreating immediately could we ensure the vitality of the army.

First, when Zhuge Liang was on his first Northern Expedition, the situation was originally very good, and Meng Da, who surrendered to Cao Wei during this period, also responded with Zhuge Liang, which formed a situation in which the two armies jointly attacked Cao Di, and it was very likely to bring Huai Yi to settle the situation, but no one expected that the emperor of Cao Wei reappointed Sima Yi during this period, and Meng Da was not particularly confidential when he raised the matter, and was discovered by Sima Yi, but he did not listen to Zhuge Liang's advice, and was finally annihilated by Sima Yi. In this case, Cao Wei's power has been stabilized, and it is impossible to defeat it in one go, but this is the first Northern Expedition of Shu Han, if it is evacuated, it will lose its sharpness, and Shu Han also occupied a certain advantage at that time, so Zhuge Liang asked Ma Tan to go to Shoujie Pavilion, hoping to find opportunities in the subsequent battle.

Second, this is the first time Sima Yi has confronted Zhuge Liang head-on, and he knows the truth that the army goes first before moving the grain and grass, so he also plans to go to the street pavilion. When Sima Yi learned that Zhuge Liang's army had been stationed in the street pavilion one acre ahead of him, he secretly sighed in his heart, I was afraid that he would not be able to retreat from the enemy easily, but when he knew that Ma Tan had put his troops on the mountain, he suddenly laughed. Because this is not a mistake in Zhuge Liang's strategic decision-making, but a mistake in employing people, Ma Tan talked on paper, did not know how to be flexible, and finally lost the street pavilion.

Third, at this time, Shu Han's army had all been dispatched, and Zhuge Liang had to make an empty plan in order to evacuate safely in the face of Sima Yi's army. In this case, although they can continue to deal with the other party, it is by no means a long-term strategy, they can intercept the enemy's grain and grass, but they can't keep it in a steady stream, so only retreat is the best choice.

Because the grain could not be delivered after Ma Ji lost the street pavilion, Zhuge Liang had no way to fight, and the soldiers had no way to eat.

Because of the scarcity of food at that time, and there were many difficulties, in order not to damage themselves, they would choose to withdraw from the army.

Because Zhuge Liang had to retreat, the grain could not be transported, and without food, the soldiers would not be able to eat, so they would not be able to fight.

<> "Why did Zhuge Liang dispose of Ma Yan?"

At that time, when Liu Bei was in the Lonely White Emperor City, Liu Bei told Zhuge Liang three times that he exaggerated this defeat and let him personally, and Ma Jian didn't use much. Remember. However, Zhuge Liang did not agree with Liu Bei's views at that time.

He thought that Ma Jian was a clever talker at that time and repeatedly showed his outstanding characteristics, so Zhuge Liang often took him to talk about military affairs. However, Zhuge Liang at that time did not arrange important positions for Ma Tan, but only asked for his opinion before each expedition to see what Ma Jian could do.

At that time, Ma Jian also had questions to answer and was deeply valued by Zhuge Liang. But at that time, Ma Jian was eager to make meritorious contributions, because no matter who he replaced, he couldn't stand grinding military issues every day, but he couldn't really put them into practice. So when Sima Yi led the troops to attack, Ma Jian made a military order in front of Zhuge Liang, asking him to go to the street pavilion to meet Sima Yi.

However, as Liu Bei expected, Ma Jian could only talk on paper, and he couldn't stand up to the big prophecy.

In the end, Ma Tan lost the street pavilion, and Zhuge Liangkong saved himself. In the end, Zhuge Liang could only cry and kill the horse. At that time, after arriving at the street pavilion, Ma Su decided to take the initiative.

He wanted to defeat Zhang He in the first battle so he could gain the upper hand before the main force arrived. Therefore, Ma Jian was anxious to win this battle. Moreover, Ma Tan wanted to camp in the mountains at that time.

Because there is no danger in the city below the mountain. The commanding heights have an offensive advantage. First of all, Ma Tan wanted to win the first battle, so as to strengthen the prestige of the Shu army.

But he overestimated the combat effectiveness of the Shu army.

In fact, at that time, Ma Tan's Shu army had not fought any major battles at all. The only battle he participated in was the Battle of Yiling, which ended in a crushing defeat. The Northern Expedition organized by Zhuge Liang was the first battle of the Shu army.

At that time, Zhang He's army was experienced on the battlefield. Therefore, it is obviously not enough for Ma Tan to use the new army against the mature army. Second, Ma Tan's army lacked executive power.

From the very beginning, the soldiers refused to accept the horses. At that time, he hoped that Wei Yan or Wu Yi would lead the troops, but Zhuge Liang sent Ma Yan to lead the troops.

At that time, Ma Jian was completely a recruit at the beginning of the war. He had never led an army alone before, so everyone refused to accept him, and naturally he was deeply skeptical of his deployment. In the end, at that time, Wang Ping repeatedly urged Ma Jian to give up camping on the mountain and pull a large army into the city to defend.

It can be seen that there was a great difference of opinion among the whole army at that time. Such a difference of opinion will certainly affect the soldiers. Therefore, Ma Tan's paper talk can only fail in the end.

OK. The loss of the street pavilion is the result of a combination of many factors, not only Ma Tan is responsible, Zhuge Liang is also responsible.

In fact, at the beginning of the Northern Expedition, Zhuge Liang divided his troops into two parts, one was the main force, and he personally led the troops out of Qishan. The other was regarded as a suspicious soldier, led by Zhao Yun and Deng Zhi to live in Xiegu, claiming to attack Meixian County to attract Cao Wei's attention. Zhao Yun and Zhuge Liang are separated by hundreds of miles of mountain roads, and they can only be whipped.

This reflects the shortcomings of Zhuge Liang's unclear employment, Liu Bei said before his death, Ma Jian is exaggerated and cannot be used, but Zhuge Liang wants to use Ma Tan to guard the street pavilion. Looking at the generals like Wei Yan around him, but putting them by his side, in fact, the main reason is that he is afraid that Wei Yan will make his own decisions and carry out his surprise attack, thus destroying the set Longyou strategy.

Reason:

Zhuge Liang asked Ma Jian to guard the street pavilion, which is to give Ma Jian a chance to make a great contribution, as long as the street pavilion can be guarded, it is a great achievement, Zhuge Liang can naturally promote Ma Tan, and it is not a problem to worship a general and seal a marquis.

Therefore, the Street Guarding Pavilion gave Ma Tan an excellent opportunity to show his face, a great opportunity to make great contributions, and a gold-plated opportunity, this good opportunity made many people covetous, and made many people envious, jealous and hateful, including Wei Yan, Wu Yi and other generals.

Zhuge Liang's Northern Expedition, because the street pavilion is a military location, sent Ma Tan to guard it. Ma Tan claimed to have been familiar with military books since he was a child, and was familiar with the subtlety of the art of war, and did not listen to the persuasion of the deputy general Wang Ping, so he stationed his men and horses on the mountain, condescendingly, and regarded one as ten.

When Sima Yi led his troops to attack, he trapped Ma Jian on the mountain, cut off its waterway, and set fire to the mountain, causing Ma Tan's army to chaos without a fight, so he lost the street pavilion.

At the very least, someone has to take responsibility for making mistakes.

Ma Tan lost the street pavilion and committed an unforgivable capital crime, Zhuge Liang had no choice but to act in accordance with the law and slash Ma Tan with tears. There are two real reasons why Ma Tan lost the street pavilion, the first reason is that Ma Tan is on paper, talented, and too arrogant, and the second reason is that Ma Tan is eager to prove himself and make meritorious contributions; The third reason is that the opponent Zhang He is very strong.

1. Ma Tan talks on paper, is talented, and is too arrogant.

Ma Yan, who is very talented, did not take Zhuge Liang's orders and advice to heart, and felt that Zhuge Liang usually had to ask his opinions on military affairs, so if he listened to Zhuge Liang's words, it would not seem that he had no ability, so he would definitely want to do another set of plays.

2. Ma Tan is eager to prove himself and make contributions, and he is eager to make contributions.

Ma Tan had never led troops alone before this, and he followed Zhuge Liang to make suggestions as a member of the army. Now is the time for me to lead my troops to fight, and it is also the time for me to raise my eyebrows and raise my eyebrows in the army neutrality, and I want to prove that I don't just talk about it on paper.

Another is that at that time, the three counties of Nan'an, Tianshui and Anding all surrendered to Shu, at this time, if you hold the street pavilion, then Zhuge Liang can lead the troops to take Chang'an, it can be said that he won the entire Wei State, this is the first class of merit, no one will let go of such a good opportunity to make contributions. So Yuandan is thinking only about proving himself and taking credit, and his mind is not on strategy.

3. The opponent Zhang He is very strong.

Zhang He has experienced a hundred battles, not only can he be on par with Zhang Fei, but also very strategic, even Liu Bei and Zhuge Liang are afraid of him, so it is not surprising that Ma Tan was defeated under Zhang He's hands.

The story of Ma Tan's lost street pavilion

Ma Tan lost the street pavilion is about Zhuge Liang led the army to the Northern Expedition, when attacking Qishan, everyone suggested that Zhuge Liang use the old generals Wei Yan and Wu Yi, Zhuge Liang did not listen, and reused Ma Tan. When attacking the military stronghold of Jieting, Ma Tan did not accept Zhuge Liang's suggestion, insisted on going his own way, did not occupy the town, but occupied Nanshan, and finally, due to the problem of drinking water, lost the military important place of Jieting. Ma Tan and his subordinates were finally executed.

After Zhuge Liang lost the street pavilion, the road of the Northern Expedition was repeatedly unsmooth, and finally ended in failure. Later, Shu Han also carried out many northern expeditions, but they were unsuccessful, which greatly damaged the vitality of the Shu Han army. After Liu Bei requisitioned Sun Quan, he also fell ill and died of hail and repented, Liu Bei's son became the emperor, and the later ending was just like what he read in "The Teacher's Table", Shu Han was lonely.

The names of the three stories related to Zhuge Liang are Zhuge Liang's tears and slashing horses, empty city plans, and three visits to thatched houses.

Because of Ma Tan's arrogance and arrogance, the street pavilion was broken, and the street pavilion was very important to the Shu and Wei capitals, and the leader of the army was a person who was very appreciated by Prime Minister Zhuge Cheng, because, at that time, the street pavilion was lost, and the entire Shu country was in danger.

Zhuge Liang's move is intended to show that although Ma Tan is important, it is not the only one, although Shu has lost the street pavilion, but it can still dominate the world. Ma Tan's beheading is the inevitable reason, because the weakness of Shu and his own importance doomed him to lose the inevitability of being beheaded in the street pavilion.

In the Romance of the Three Kingdoms, it is written that Wei sent Sima Yi to attack the Shuguo Street Pavilion, and Zhuge Liang sent Ma Jian to garrison it and failed. Sima Yi led his troops to take advantage of the victory and approached Xicheng, Zhuge Liang had no soldiers to meet the enemy, but he was calm and calm, opened the city gate, and played the piano and sang music on the city tower. Sima Yi suspected an ambush and led his troops to retreat.

In fact, this is just a small story made up by Guo Chong in the commentary, Sima Yiyuan was in Luoyang during the Battle of Jieting, and returned to Wancheng after conquering Mengda, thousands of miles away from the place of occurrence, and Zhuge Liang fought against Zhang He, Kong Ming saw the defeat of Jieting, and quickly withdrew to Hanzhong. So, the event itself is fictional.

Some people questioned: If Sima Yi really got such an opportunity, wouldn't it be over if he had more than 100,000 troops under his command and surrounded him? Send a few sharpshooters to shoot Zhuge Liang, or send a team to reconnoiter the firepower, and you can immediately debunk Zhuge Liang's tricks, and Sima Yi, who has always been scheming, will never be stupid and timid to the point of "turning his head and running".

In "Romance of the Three Kingdoms", Ma Tan's guarding of the street pavilion was unfavorable, which eventually led to the loss of the street pavilion, so he was beheaded by Zhuge Liang, but in real history, we may have been deceived by Luo Guanzhong, Zhuge Liang did not kill Ma Tan, and Ma Jian finally escaped. We all know that Zhuge Liang is a person who loves talents, and he will not easily kill a person because of a trivial matter, not to mention that Liu Bei was at the time of employing people, even if Zhuge Liang thought about the interests of the entire regime, if he killed Ma Tan, no military general could replace him immediately, so Zhuge Liang would not kill Ma Tan.

1. Zhuge Liang described in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". Zhuge Liang can be described as the embodiment of justice in "Romance of the Three Kingdoms". It is precisely because of his strict law enforcement that the people of the entire army only obey orders, and if someone really violates military orders, no matter how much Zhuge Liang loves and cherishes talents, he will never be merciful.

In order to create this character of Zhuge Liang, Luo Guanzhong described the scene of Zhuge Liang slashing horses with tears. Ma Tan made military exploits at that time, so he left Zhuge Liang's advice behind, which led to the loss of the street pavilion. Zhuge Liang began to tear and slash horses.

Second, the real street kiosk is lost. After the defeat in the Battle of Yiling, Shu Han was severely damaged. After Liu Bei died of illness, Zhuge Liang felt very ashamed, so after a good rest and recuperation, he prepared for the Northern Expedition.

The street pavilion is an important pass, almost related to the victory of the entire Shu Han. In fact, Liu Bei reminded Zhuge Liang before, thinking that Ma Jian was flashy and liked to talk on paper, but Zhuge Liang didn't care and still reused Ma Tan.

3. Records in other historical books. "Romance of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Zhuge Liang": "Contrary to the Liang Festival, the behavior was inappropriate, and it was greatly broken by Zhang Tai. More than 1,000 families in Liangbaxi County returned to Hanzhong to thank the public. "So can it prove that Ma Tan was beheaded?

The Romance of the Three Kingdoms: The Biography of Xiang Lang recorded: "Tan fled, Lang knew that he did not raise it, he hated it, and he was dismissed and returned to Chengdu." ”

It can be seen that there are two kinds of records in the history books, one is that Zhuge Liang beheaded Ma Tan, and the other is that Ma Jian himself absconded in fear of crime.