How to deeply understand chemical bonds

Chemical bonds are a general term for the strong interaction forces between two or more adjacent atoms (or ions) within a molecule or crystal. High definition: The force that binds ions or atoms together is commonly known as chemical bonds.

For example, in the water molecule H2O, 2 hydrogen atoms and 1 oxygen atom are chemically bonded to form water molecules.

There are 3 limit types of chemical bonds.

i.e. ionic bonds, covalent bonds, metallic bonds.

Ionic bonds are the mutual attraction of oppositely charged ions, such as chlorine and sodium bonded to NaCl.

A covalent bond is an attraction created by two or more atoms by sharing a pair of electrons, and a typical covalent bond is formed by two atoms by attracting a pair of bonding electrons. For example, two hydrogen nuclei attract a pair of electrons at the same time, forming a stable hydrogen molecule.

Metallic bonds, on the other hand, are interactions that bind metal atoms together and can be seen as highly delocalized covalent bonds.

It is the strong interaction between atoms, which is achieved through electrons, which connect atoms to form molecules.

If you really can't understand it, you will understand the nucleus as a skeleton, and the electron as a glue, and the chemical bond is the layer of glue shared between several skeletons.

It connects atoms.

But this glue is directional, because the chemical bond is directional, just like a glue stick and this glue stick is relatively long and larger than the size of the nucleus.

Chemical bonds are divided into covalent bonds and electrovalent bonds.

The ionic bonds and metallic bonds that you learn in middle school are a kind of valence bonds, and you only learn covalent bonds, ionic bonds, and metallic bonds, and coordination bonds and bonds will be involved, but not the focus.

Chemical bonds are the bonds that interact with each other of chemical elements, and the elements in a substance are all linked together by chemical bonds.

It is a visualization of the way in which it interacts. But it's not real, it's not something like a bridge.

It can be understood in this way, taking NaCl as an example, it is composed of two ions, and the chemical bond can be regarded as a "stick" connecting these two ions. Forehead... Maybe what I said is still not good, you can ask the teacher for a model, you know that each ion is represented by a small ball, and the chemical bond is a small stick that connects these two small balls...

It is the force between molecules, atoms, and ions that is called chemical bonds. It's like the pull in physics, gravity.

A bond in which the electrons between two elements make them together.

1. Except for noble gases, the atomic ground state of most elements is unstable 2. The formation of chemical bonds releases energy, and the disassembly of chemical bonds consumes energy.

3. Take a look at the reaction.

h2+cl2=2hcl

Check their bond energy data, the bond energy of H—H bond is 436kJ mol, Cl—Cl is 243kJ mol, and H—Cl is 432kJ mol.

From the reaction equation, it can be seen that for every 1molH-H bond and 1molCl-Cl bond are disassembled at the same time, and 2molH-Cl bond is generated at the same time, the energy required to disassemble the bond is 436+243=679kJ

The formation of a 2molH-Cl bond releases energy 2x432=864kj, and the energy released is more than the absorbed energy, 864kj-679kj=185kj, so this reaction is an exothermic reaction.

In practice, the heat of reaction is also related to other factors.