How to see whether organic matter is esterification, oxidation, and addition?

Esterification reaction: The reaction of carboxy-COOH and hydroxy-OH to form ester bonds by removing one H2O is an esterification reaction. It is important to note that esterification is also a substitution reaction.

Oxidation reaction: In the reaction of organic matter, generally speaking, the reaction of H atom increase or O atom decreases is a reduction reaction, and vice versa is an oxidation reaction. It can be summarized as "hydrodeoxygenation is reduction, oxygenation and dehydrogenation is oxidation".

All redox reactions can be judged by valency changes, and the above method is a small trick for organic reactions.

Addition reactions: Generally speaking, the reaction of double and triple bond breaking (but the chain is not broken, that is, at least one chemical bond is left in the original position) is an addition reaction. Not only carbon-carbon bonds, but also carbon-oxygen bonds.

An important hallmark of high chemical esterification reaction is R1-Coo-R2, followed by an aromatic oily substance.

Oxidation reaction can be extrapolated according to the characteristics of the redox reaction.

Addition reaction is the reaction of adding an atom or group of atoms to each of the two carbon atoms containing double or triple bonds, which is the addition reaction (mostly exothermic and characteristic reaction of alkenes and alkynes). The ring-opening reaction of unstable naphthenes is also an addition reaction.

High school chemistry is still very regular and not too complicated. All you need to do is understand the main experiments and reaction equations in the textbooks. Finally, I wish you good results in the exam.

Esterification reaction is a class of organic chemical reactions, which is the reaction of alcohol with carboxylic acid or oxygenated inorganic acid to produce ester and water. It is divided into three categories: carboxylic acid reaction with alcohol, inorganic oxygenated acid reaction with alcohol and inorganic strong acid reaction with alcohol. The esterification reaction of carboxylic acid and alcohol is reversible, and the reaction is generally very slow, so concentrated sulfuric acid is often used as a catalyst.

Polycarboxylic acids react with alcohols to form a variety of esters. The reaction of inorganic strong acids with alcohols is generally fast. A typical esterification reaction is the reaction of ethanol and acetic acid to produce ethyl acetate with aromatic odor, which is a raw material for the manufacture of dyes and medicines.

Esterification reaction is widely used in organic synthesis and other fields.

1. The conditions of the conventional esterification reaction are concentrated sulfuric acid, heating, and concentrated sulfuric acid as a water absorbent and catalyst.

2. The esterification reaction is generally a reversible reaction. The traditional esterification technique is to heat the reflux reaction with acid and alcohol catalyzed by acid (usually concentrated sulfuric acid). This reaction is also called Fischer esterification.

The role of concentrated sulfuric acid is a catalyst and water absorbent, which can protonize the carbonyl group of carboxylic acid, enhance the electrophilicity of carbonyl carbon, and accelerate the reaction rate; It is also possible to remove water, a by-product of the reaction, and improve the yield of esters.

3. If the raw materials are low-grade carboxylic acids and alcohols, which are soluble in water, water can be added to the reaction solution after the reaction (saturated sodium carbonate solution can be added if necessary), and the reaction solution is placed in the separating funnel for separating treatment, and the upper ester layer that is insoluble in water is collected, so as to purify the ester generated by the reaction. The function of sodium carbonate is to react with carboxylic acid to form carboxylate, increase the solubility of carboxylic acid, and reduce the solubility of esters. If the boiling point of the product ester is low, the ester can also be continuously evaporated during the reaction to shift the reaction equilibrium to the right and condense to collect the volatile ester.

4. However, there are also a few esterification reactions, in which the hydroxyl proton of acid or alcohol is protonated, and water is removed to generate acyl cation or carbocation intermediates, which then react with alcohol or acid to form esters. These reactions do not follow the rule of "acid out of hydroxyl alcohol out of hydrogen".

5. Carboxylic acids are reacted with alcohols to form esters after acid chloride. Acid chloride is more reactive than carboxylic acids, so this method is a common method for ester preparation, and the yield is generally higher than direct esterification. For less reactive acyl halides and alcohols, a small amount of base, such as sodium hydroxide or pyridine, can be added.

H3C-CoCl + Ho-CH2-CH3 H3C-Coo-CH2-CH3 + H-Cl carboxylic acid is reacted with alcohol to form an ester by anhydride. Carboxylic acids are then reacted with halogenated hydrocarbons to form esters through carboxylates. The reaction mechanism is the nucleophilic substitution of carboxylate anion on halogenated hydrocarbon-carbon.

Esterification is a common organic chemical reaction.

Esterification reaction refers to the reaction process in which acidic alcohols and compounds containing carboxyl radicals (such as acids, anhydrides, acid chlorides, etc.) react to form esters and water under the action of acid catalysis or transesterifiers. It is a reversible reaction, and the direction of the reaction can be controlled by appropriate reaction conditions. The esterification of carboxylic acids and alcohols is previously reversible and generally very slow.

In general, the esterification reaction requires the addition of an acid catalyst to the reaction system to accelerate the reaction rate. For example, commonly used acid catalysts are sulfuric acid, hydrochloric acid, methyl sulfuric acid, etc. Acidic alcohols and carboxyl-containing compounds are then mixed and reacted under reaction conditions, usually by heating, to produce esters and water.

In the reaction process, the acid catalyst plays a role in accelerating the reaction rate as an intermediate, and the water that grows old is continuously removed, so as to achieve the purpose of accelerating the reaction. In organic synthesis reactions, esterification is one of the key steps in many synthesis routes, and it is also an indispensable link in the preparation of many drugs and polymer materials.

Practical areas of esterification reactions:

1. Production of spices and odorants.

The esterification reaction can be used to synthesize fragrances and odorants, such as fruit flavors. For example, the apple flavor substance is mainly isoamyl acetate, which can be synthesized by the esterification reaction of isoamyl alcohol and acetic acid. Esterification is used in the production of many artificial fruit flavors and odorants.

2. Prepare plastics.

Esterification is also an important step in the manufacture of plastics. Polyester plastics, for example, are obtained by esterification. In this process, acidic alcohols are esterified with dicarboxylic acids or anhydrides to form polyester compounds, which eventually form polyester plastics.

3. Production of high-grade cellulose.

Esterification can also be used in the production of higher cellulose. High-grade cellulose can be used to make industrial textile raw materials, but the presence of a large number of hydroxyl (OH) functional groups in the cellulose structure limits its application range. Therefore, esterification can be used as a chemical modification method to introduce ester groups into the cellulose molecule to improve the strength and formaldehyde removal performance of cellulose.

Esterification: Alcohol reacts with carboxylic acids (can also be inorganic acids) to form esters, which are characterized by the production of 1 molecule of water. The most common reaction is the reaction of ethanol with acetic acid to form ethyl acetate.

Addition reaction: mainly for the breaking of unsaturated bonds, C=C or C triple-C bonds, double bonds, then 2 atoms or groups are added on top. The most common reaction is the reaction of ethylene with bromine water to form dibromoethane.

Substitution reaction: It may seem complicated to say that any one atom or group in an organic compound molecule is replaced by another atom or group of the same type in a reagent. It can be simply thought of knocking out an atom (or functional group) on an organic compound and replacing it with another atom or group in the place where it was knocked out.

A common reaction is the reaction of methane with chlorine to form a substitute.

By definition, you will certainly find that esterification reactions are substitution reactions.

Esterification is a type of substitution reaction, and addition reaction is a reaction in which a carbon-carbon double bond or a carbon-carbon triple bond binds to other molecules.

Lipid reaction:

Reaction format: rcooh+r'oh→rcoor'+H2O Catalyst: Concentrated dehydrated acid or anhydride Reaction substance: Acid dehydroxyl alcohol dehydrogenation. Because the carboxyl group is easy to lose hydrogen and difficult to dehydroxate, an acid catalyst is used.

Mechanism of reaction:

The isotope labeling of alcohols confirmed that the water produced in the esterification reaction was derived from the hydroxyl group of carboxylic acids and the hydrogen of alcohols. Answer: However, the esterification of carboxylic acids and tertiary alcohols means that the alkane and oxygen bonds of the alcohols are broken, and carbocations are formed in the middle.

In the esterification reaction, alcohol acts as a nucleophile to carry out a nucleophilic attack on the carbonyl group of the carboxyl group, and in the presence of proton acid, the carbonyl carbon is more electron-deficient and conducive to the nucleophilic addition of alcohol to it. Without the presence of acids, the esterification reaction of acids with alcohols is difficult to proceed.

For example, a typical esterification reaction is the reaction of ethanol and acetic acid to produce ethyl acetate with aromatic odor, which is a raw material for the manufacture of dyes and medicines. Esterification reaction is widely used in organic synthesis and other fields.

Features: 1. It is a reversible reaction, under normal circumstances, the reaction is not complete, according to the principle of reaction equilibrium, in order to improve the yield of esters, it is necessary to separate a component from the product or make one of the reactants excessive. The esterification reaction is a single-line, two-way reaction.

2. It belongs to the substitution reaction.

Application: It is a raw material for the manufacture of dyes and medicines. In the process of cooking some dishes, if vinegar and wine are added at the same time, a partial esterification reaction will also be carried out to form aromatic esters, which will make the dish taste more delicious.

Ester: The product formed by the esterification reaction of alcohols with carboxylic acids or inorganic oxygenated acids in organic chemistry.

Acid dehydroxyl alcohols are dehydrogenated, -OH is removed from RCOOH, and hydrogen is removed from ROH, and then linked together.

The reaction mechanism is acid dehydroxyl alcohol dehydrogenation. There is a hydroxyl group on the carboxyl group, -cooh, and the hydroxyl group is attached to the carbon, and the hydroxyl group is disconnected from the carbon when participating in the esterification reaction. Alcohol is the hydrogen on the hydroxyl group is removed, and then the removed hydrogen and hydroxyl group are formed into water, and then RCO- is linked together with -or to form RCOOR, understand?

Alcohols BAI and sulfuric acid, nitric acid, phosphoric acid and other du

A general term for substances that are produced by reaction.

For the inorganic acid DAO ester, from the composition of the version.

Look-up esters can be seen as acid rights.

The reaction of an acid and an alcohol to form an ester is called esterification, which is a product formed by the substitution of hydrogen atoms in a molecule by a hydrocarbon group. Of course, it can also react with organic acids, the most typical is ethyl acetate

For more specifics, see Organic Chemistry, University Tutorial.

It is the reaction of alcohol with carboxylic acid or oxygenated inorganic acid to produce ester and water.

What is the definition of esterification?