Planting method of yam 5, planting method of yam

Yam, also known as long taro, belongs to the potato family, is a perennial herbaceous vine, with hypertrophic tuber roots or cylindrical roots.

Edible, containing a variety of vitamins and choline, etc., has high nutritional value.

To cultivate yam, we must choose a sandy soil with fertile soil, deep soil layer, strong water retention and fertility, good aeration, and convenient drainage and irrigation, and turn over the soil 35-45 cm deep, when turning the land deeply, we must first turn over the top soil layer of 20-30 cm to the side, and then continue to turn it deep to 35-45 cm, and do not turn over the soil layer. After the land is deeply turned, a cultivation ditch is formed, and basal fertilizer can be applied into the cultivation ditch. Base fertilizer is generally applied to 20 kg of superphosphate, 3000 kg of decomposed organic fertilizer, and 200-300 kg of plant ash per mu.

When fertilizing, the bottom of the planting ditch can be filled with the original topsoil with a thickness of 15 cm, and then the base fertilizer can be applied to the soil layer, and finally covered with 15 cm.

Yam topdressing is mainly in the middle and late stages of growth, and less fertilizer is required in the early stage. After the yam seedlings emerge neatly, apply 20% human manure fertilizer once once, and then apply once every 20-30 days. Fertilization can be 30 cm away from the plant to dig a 6-10 cm deep fertilization ditch, 700-1000 kg of human manure per mu.

When the underground tuber enters the peak period of vigorous growth, it should be reapplied with 1 top dressing. 20-30 kg of compound fertilizer per mu, 40-60 kg of cake fertilizer are applied in holes or furrows, and the soil is covered after fertilization to ensure that the tubers elongate and expand with sufficient nutrients. Later, depending on the growth of the plant, it will be determined whether to top dress.

To put it simply, the farmer in Wenxian County has said that the seed value method of yam.

First, the planting method.

1. Land selection: It is best to choose sandy soil, high terrain, very deep soil layer, good drainage, dry, and loose land is the best, although it is good to achieve the same nature of soil layer, it is best to be slightly acidic.

2. Ditching and land preparation: according to the row spacing of about 1 meter, it is more suitable for planting long-rooted varieties, and the ditch of 3 on the land is 27 31 cm wide and 145 cm deep. Dig out the soil, according to the upper and lower layers respectively placed on the 2 sides of the ditch, after a few days of drying, first the lower layer of the soil cocooning compact, every 20 centimeters to carry out a cocoon flat tampling from the lower layer to the upper layer, all the debris to clean up.

3. Apply sufficient base fertilizer: after sowing and planting, until before the seedlings emerge. After that, turn the soil between the 2 sides of the planting furrow 18 to 28 cm deep and apply basal fertilizer to it.

2. Planting time.

Late April is the most suitable for planting in North China, early to mid-April is the most suitable for planting in the Yangtze River Basin, and March to April is the most suitable for planting in South China.

1. Seed selection. It is required that the seed potatoes are bright in color, full of top buds, thick tubers, sparse tumors, few roots, no disease, no rot, no freezing, and weigh about 150 grams. Sowing with yam stalks requires a diameter of more than 3 cm and a length of 15-20 cm.

2. Germination. 15 to 20 days before sowing, take out the stacked yam and put it in the environment of 25 28 to sand 3 5 cm to germinate. When germinating, you can use a pendulum or a small arch shed, and the pendulum or small arch shed should always be closed and insulated.

The seeds are sown when the young shoots of the yam emerge from the sand.

3. Sowing date. The sowing period should be after the final frost, and the sowing in Shandong is generally sown in mid to late April.

4. Sowing. First use a hoe to dig a ditch along the marked row, the depth of the ditch is 8 10 cm, find the plastic casing and then place the seed potato horizontally above the plastic casing incision, and then water, after the water seeps, first cover the wet soil on the seed potato, and then cover a layer of dry soil, and wait for the water to soak through the dry soil, and then use the dry soil to cover the planting ditch.

1. Sowing and planting: When planting yams, cut the undamaged rhizomes into small sections of 10 cm, and then sow them in the field with a plant spacing of 30 cm. 2. Soil treatment:

Choose a loose and fertile field, add basal fertilizer to it, and turn it 25 cm deeper. 3. Field management: water the seedlings for the first time after they grow to 1 meter, and set up a frame after the stems and vines grow to 30 cm.

1. Sow and plant

When planting yams, choose a strong, undamaged rhizome, cut it into 10 cm pieces with a knife, then apply plant ash to the cut surface, put it in a cool place to dry, and then sow the roots in a soil trench with a row spacing of 100 cm and a depth of 10 cm, and keep the plant spacing at about 30 cm.

2. Soil leveling

To plant yams, choose a fertile and loose field with good air permeability, and then apply well-rotted farm fertilizer, urea, potassium sulfate and other fertilizers to the soil surface, and then use a hoe to plough the soil 25 cm, bury the fertilizer into the field, and finally dig a ditch with a depth of 1 meter and a width of 25 cm in the field.

3. Field management

At the beginning of yam planting, you can insert your fingers into the soil, and if your fingers are wet, you don't need to water, wait for the seedlings to grow to 1 meter before watering, and then wait for 20 days to water again to keep the soil moist, and when the stems grow to 30 cm thick, you should build a herringbone frame with a height of 2 meters to pull the stems and vines to grow upward.

Yam planting methods: seedling preparation, sowing and seedling raising, land preparation and planting, field management, water management.

1. Preparation of seedlings

Use the root of the yam to take the tuber with bud nodes, cut off 20 to 40 cm long to make seeds, you can also cut the yam tuber into segments according to 10 cm, it should have the advantage of germination at the top, you need to stack the yam segment in two parts to promote germination, you can also pick up the yam seeds that fall on the ground after the stems and leaves on the ground wither, and sow them after drying them for 2 to 3 days.

2. Sow seeds and raise seedlings

Soak the yam segment in the multi-spirit fungus solution for 1 to 2 minutes, dry and sow the seeds, the surface thickness is required to be more than 5 cm when sowing, the soil temperature is between 9 and 10 degrees, the seedlings should be after the late frost, in order to avoid the late frost freezing to death of the seedlings, the yam section can be cut into 10 to 20 cm long before planting, and the seeds are sown indoors for 2 to 3 days without germination.

3. Land preparation and planting

Select the land type to plant yam in sandy soil with loose soil, high terrain, deep soil layer, good drainage and air permeability, reclaim the planting ditch, do not need to turn the ground in the first year, plant the first bush and apply the base fertilizer in the spring of the second year, turn the soil to level, apply fully decomposed organic fertilizer after planting, cover a layer of dry soil after planting, and water thoroughly.

4. Field management

After the yam emerges, the temperature rises, the weeds grow fast, after each watering should be timely cultivated and weeded, loose soil, weeding should be 3 cm into the soil, and avoid the root system of the plant, when the seedlings grow to 17 to 20 cm, build a scaffold, help the yam vine climb the vine, increase the plant ventilation and light transmittance.

5. Moisture management

At the seedling stage and the early stage of tuber growth, it is better to keep the lead seepage and keep the soil moist, but after the tuber enters the vigorous growth period, it should be ensured that there is sufficient water evenly**.

September to November is the period of rapid elongation and expansion of yam tubers, especially to keep the soil moist, such as insufficient water has a greater impact on star production, so if possible, the water should be guaranteed as much as possible**. Watering should be stopped about 10 days before the tuber is harvested to facilitate post-harvest sales or storage.

Yams are generally planted in spring in March and April, when healthy yam tubers with bud points are selected. Before planting, cut the tuber into sections with a knife, then stain both ends with plant ash to keep the cut surface dry, and then choose sandy loam soil with good drainage performance for planting, water to keep the soil moist, and wait for it to take root.

1. Select tubers

Yams are generally planted in the spring, in March and April, when the temperature is suitable, which is conducive to the rooting of yam plants. When planting, you need to select healthy yam tubers with bud points, cut the tubers with a knife, and then dip the ends with plant ash to keep the cut surface dry and prevent water loss.

2. Soil requirements

It is best to choose slightly acidic sandy loam soil with good drainage performance for planting yam, and it is necessary to make a ditch along the row before planting, and place the surface soil and the excavated soil separately so that the soil can be better weathered. After the weathering is complete, the soil is filled into the ditch as it is, and farmhouse fertilizer and organic fertilizer are applied appropriately to provide sufficient nutrients for the primary plants.

3. Proper watering

In the early stages of yam planting, it needs to be well watered to fix the roots and place them in a well-lit, well-ventilated area. After that, you can water twice a day to keep the soil slightly moist. It should be noted that during the rainy season, there should be timely drainage treatment to replenish the fresh air in the soil, so as to avoid soaking and rotting at the roots of the plants.

1. Site selection. The first step in yam planting is, of course, to choose the right land, and choosing a piece of land that is fertile and loose and has good drainage performance is the key. Sandy loam soils and clay soils without standing water are more suitable for yam cultivation.

In winter, it's time to start making preparations. Winter plough the land, apply basal fertilizer, and then plough deeply. When the spring flowers bloom, you can plough shallowly.

Before each sowing, remember to water after fertilization is completed, and give the land enough moist space, which is more conducive to subsequent growth.

2. Seed block processing. The treatment of yam is more critical, and some roots without lesion characteristics can be selected for planting within 20 days before planting. Then dry in the sun until there are cracks, and pay attention to handling with care when drying seeds, and do not use force.

If you encounter heavy rain or bad weather, do a good job of waterproofing.

3. Pest control. There are two main types of yam pests and diseases, anthracnose and brown spot. Anthrax occurs more often during the rainy season and can damage the stems and leaves, leaving some brown spots or black spots on the stems and leaves.

In case of anthracnose, you can soak the roots with wave water for 10 minutes, and then sweep the weeds and dead branches and leaves in the field. Don't panic when you encounter brown spot disease, brown spot disease is mostly concentrated in rainy days, and there is more water accumulation in rainy days, which will harm the cavity of yam and mess up the leaves. Similar to anthrax, it is the appearance of brown black spots on the leaves, causing the leaves to be perforated.

You can clean up more in your daily management and clean the garden. The use of zeb zinc and dinitrate powder mixture, can be effective protection.

4. Harvesting and processing. Yam harvesting is a technical job, and it should be noted that yams cannot be broken, which will affect sales. Do not dispose of the soil on the surface of fresh yam, which can have the effect of preserving freshness.

If it is sold to large supermarkets or restaurants, it can be pasted with plastic film after washing, which can prevent moisture and mildew. The processing of yam must be carried out according to the requirements of the demand side, and no matter what kind of processing method is used, the principle of hygiene and cleanliness must be followed.