The types and characteristics of biogeomorphology were briefly described

Geomorphic action types: there are mainly tectonic landform types, climatic landform types and dynamic landform types.

1. Types of tectonic landforms, such as the 1:2.5 million European International Geomorphological Atlas divides the world into 10 types of terrestrial macrotectonic geomorphic units and 4 types of submarine macrotectonic geomorphic units: relatively stable terrestrial shield, relatively stable continental platform, weakly active continental plateau margin, active geodetic orogenic belt, continental platform marginal orogenic belt, young trough margin orogenic belt, volcano, marginal or intermountain depression, continental platform or continental platform depression, stacked terrain on protruding continental platform, underwater continental margin, transition zone, ocean floor, and mid-ocean ridge.

Wang Nailiang of China divides China's land into 4 types of faulted and subsidence plains and 9 types of uplifted mountain plateaus and hills: the dominant plains since the Yanshan Movement, the dominant plains since the Himalayan Act I Movement, the dominant plains since the Himalayan Act 2 Movement, the plains where the Himalayan Act I Movement sinks and the second Act Movement rises, The Yanshan Movement uplifts, the Himalayan Mountains rise sharply, the Yanshan Mountains uplift and the Himalayan movement rise sharply, the Yanshan movement uplifts, Mountains and hills where the Himalayas are rising, Plateaus where the Yanshan Movement uplifts and Himalayas rise, Mountains where the Himalayas rise substantially, Plateaus where the Yanshan Mountains sink and Himalayas rise, Basins where the Yanshan Mountains sink and the Himalayas rise, Mountains and hills dominated by the differential rise and fall of the Yanshan Movement and Himalayan Movement, Lava terraces and plateaus formed during the Himalayan Movement.

Second, the type of climate and landform, such as French J-l.-f.

Tricard divides the world into four zones (cold, mid-latitude forest, arid and humid and hot zones) (glacial zone, ice edge zone with permafrost, ice edge zone without permafrost, Quaternary ice edge zone, mid-latitude humid forest zone without winter freeze, mid-latitude humid forest zone with winter freeze, Mediterranean climate and landform zone, steppe and semi-arid climate landform zone, steppe and semi-arid climate landform zone with cold winter, dry steppe climate landform zone, tropical forest climate landform zone, There are vertical zonal alpine landforms).

3. Dynamic landform types, such as the Soviet UnionSpiridonov divided into 10 types of landforms of external force origin, such as gravity, slope flow, river, lake, ocean, glacier and freezing, aeolian formation, karst, biological, and anthropogenic.

1. Loess landform: China is the earliest country in the world to study loess landform. More than 2,000 years ago, there was a record of "rain in the loess, haze in the day and night" involving the accumulation process of the loess landform.

More than 800 years ago, Shen Kuo of the Northern Song Dynasty made a vivid description of the loess erosion landform in Henan and Shaanxi.

2. Karst landform: China's karst landform has a wide distribution area, such as Guangxi, Yunnan and other places. The main characteristics of karst landform are reflected in karst caves, sinkholes and other geographical phenomena.

3. Coastal landform: The world's coastline is about 440,000 kilometers long, with China's coastline being more than 18,000 kilometers long and island coastline being more than 14,000 kilometers. The long coastal zone is rich in minerals, biological, energy, land and other natural resources.

4. River landform: a general term for various erosion and accumulation forms formed by rivers acting on the earth's surface. It includes river erosion landforms such as valleys and erosion plains, and river accumulation landforms such as alluvial plains and deltas.

It is of great significance to study the landform of rivers, grasp the evolution process of rivers, and improve the trend of rivers for water conservancy, transportation, industrial and agricultural production, and urban construction.

Landform type: plateau, plain, basin, mountainous, hilly.

Geological action: 1. Internal force: crustal movement, magmatic activity, **.

2. External force: mainly manifested as weathering, erosion, transportation, sedimentation and consolidation of rocks (flowing water, wind, glaciers, waves), etc

There are many types of landforms, and here are some of the common types of landforms that accompany them and their geological processes:

Mountains: Towering mountains or mountains formed on the surface of the earth due to geological processes such as crustal plate movements or volcanic activity, which are of great ecological and geographical importance.

Plateau: Due to factors such as rock uplift or subsidence, weathering erosion, river erosion, etc., a large area of land surface is flat and higher than the terrain formed by the surrounding area, which has a vast area and important ecological and economic value.

Plain: The terrain formed by geological processes such as erosion and sedimentation by water, wind, ice, fire and other factors is mainly divided into river plains, coastal plains, aeolian plains and glacial plains, etc., and is an important agricultural and industrial base.

Rivers and lakes: The types of water bodies and landforms formed due to geological structure, hydrological processes, climate and other factors, which have an important impact on the earth's water resources and ecological environment.

Caves: Natural cavities formed underground due to factors such as geological structure, rock dissolution, weathering and erosion, etc., have important geological and ecological value.

Desert: Due to the slow infiltration of climatic and geological factors, the formation of arid and rainy areas, the ridge has a special climate and ecological environment, which has an important impact on human activities and the earth's environment.

The above are just some of the landform types and their geological processes, the earth's landform types and geological processes are very rich and diverse, and have an important impact on the earth's ecology and environment.

Geomorphological type: The abbreviation of the type of geomorphological formation blind hall masking and hidden genesis.

Vegetation is the basis for dividing the types of biomes. The main vegetation types of terrestrial biomes are as follows:

1) Forests, including tropical rainforests, evergreen broad-leaved forests, deciduous broad-leaved forests, and boreal coniferous forests;

2) grasslands, including savanna and changzha grassland;

3) Desert Thoughts;

4) Tundra.

The description of terrain features can be carried out from the aspects of terrain type, terrain undulation, terrain inclination direction and trend, regional extreme value (highest and lowest value of terrain), altitude condition, main terrain distribution, and spatial arrangement. Terrain types include plains, mountains, hills, plateaus, basins, etc.

Landforms are often divided into different types based on the difference in genesis and morphology. The same type has the same or similar characteristics. For example, there are tectonic types, erosion types and accumulation types in large landform types.

The erosion type and accumulation type of the dry chain can be divided into rivers, lakes, oceans, glaciers, aeolian formations, karst, etc., and can be divided into more subordinate types in turn.

The difference between topography and landform

Topography refers to the general characteristics of the topography of a region, such as the North China Plain, the Sichuan Basin, the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau, etc., there are only five types of terrain in the world, namely plateaus, mountains, hills, basins, and plains; Geomorphology is in terms of geological features on a small scale.

For example, we often say that the Xinjiang Yadan landform, there are karst caves or stone forests called karst landforms, Guangdong Danxia Mountain, Hunan Zhushan and other places are called Danxia landforms, as well as the lava landforms of volcanic eruptions, etc., so there are many kinds of landforms. In short, the topography is attached to the topography and is much smaller than the terrain.

Landform type: refers to the type of landform divided according to the surface morphology. At present, morphological classifications are not uniform around the world.

China's terrestrial landform is traditionally divided into five major morphological types: plain, hilly, mountainous, plateau and basin. China 1:1 000000 Geomorphological Map Committee approved by China 1:1:

The 1 000 000 Landscape Map Mapping Specification (Science Press, 1989 edition) identifies four basic morphological types: plains, terraces, hills and mountains. In this morphological classification, basins and plateaus are considered as a combination of relevant morphological types. Most of the smaller morphological types are divided by combining with their genesis, such as crescent-shaped dunes, cirques, dissolving buckets, etc., and only this classification of morphology-genesis combination can better reflect the characteristics of these morphological types.

Geomorphological genesis type: refers to the type of landform divided according to the geomorphological genesis. Due to the complexity of the factors that form the landscape, there is currently no unified genetic classification scheme.

According to the external forces, it is usually divided into flowing water landform, lacustrine landform, dry landform, aeolian landform, loess landform, karst landform, glacial landform, ice edge landform, coastal landform, weathering and slope gravity landform, etc. External landforms can generally be divided into two types: erosion and accumulation. According to the internal force, it is usually divided into geotectonic landforms, folded tectonic landforms, fault tectonic landforms, volcanic and lava flow landforms, etc.

Whether it is the external force landform or the internal force landform, on the basis of the division of dynamic properties, it can be further divided according to the subordination of the camp force and the size of the form scale.

The most common tectonic landforms are folds and faults, which are simply the strong compressive force generated by the movement of the earth's crust, which causes the rock layer to bend and deform. Many of the world's tall mountain ranges, such as the Himalayas, the Alps, and the Andes, are folded mountain ranges. There are two basic forms of folds: anticline and anticline.

A fault is caused by the strong pressure or tension generated by the movement of the earth's crust, which exceeds the strength that the rock layer can bear, and the rock layer is fractured, and obvious dislocation and displacement occur along the fault surface. Large faults often form valleys or cliffs. For example, in the Weihe River valley and the large cliff on the northern slope of Huashan, there are two basic forms of faults: barrier and graben.

1. Fault: significant displacement occurs after the rock is fractured by force, 2. Joints, no significant displacement occurs after the rock is fractured by force 3**, the earth undergoes rapid trembling, 4 folds, and continuous bending and deformation occurs after stress 5 horizontal structure, inclined structure, give a fraction.

Frink: Anticline: (surface morphology) valley.

Slanted: Mountains.

Faults: Barriers: Blocky mountains.

Graben: Valley.

Causes: Crustal movements.

I didn't say what the landscape was.

I suggest you read Geomorphology

The contour point, center point, line type, and line direction change point of the plane shape of the figure are the feature points. For example: the corner point of the house, the intersection point of the road, and the point of change in the direction of the boundary line.

The direction of the intersection of different directions and different slope planes on the surface and the change of slope are called geomorphic feature points. Such as the slope change at the foot of the mountain, the top of the mountain, and the ridgeline.