Q: What are the characteristics of embedded microprocessors compared to CPUs in general purpose comp

The calorific value of the two is different.

The volume of the heat sink is different.

Summary. Embedded system refers to a special computer system that is application-centric, based on computer technology, with software and hardware that can be tailored, and adapts to the application system's strict requirements for function, reliability, cost, volume, and power consumption.

Embedded systems are mainly composed of embedded microprocessors, peripheral hardware devices, embedded operating systems, and user application software. It has three basic elements: "embeddedness", "specificity", and "computer system".

Embedded systems have completely different technical requirements and technical development directions from general-purpose computer systems. The technical requirements of the general-purpose computer system are high-speed and massive numerical computing, and its technical development direction is the infinite increase of bus speed and the infinite expansion of storage capacity. The technical requirement of embedded computer system is intelligent control, and the technical development direction is closely related to the object system, and the infiltration performance, control ability and reliability of control are continuously improved.

What is the embedded processor minimum system, what does it have to do with the MCU, and what is the difference from the general-purpose computer.

Embedded system refers to a special computer system that is application-centric, based on computer technology, with software and hardware that can be tailored, and adapts to the application system's strict requirements for function, reliability, cost, volume and power consumption. Embedded systems are mainly composed of embedded microprocessors, peripheral hardware devices, embedded operating systems, and user application software. It has three basic elements: "embeddedness", "specificity", and "computer system".

Embedded systems have completely different technical requirements and technical development directions from general-purpose computer systems. The technical requirements of the general computer system are high-speed and massive numerical computing, and its technical development direction is the infinite increase of bus speed and the infinite expansion of storage capacity. The technical requirement of the embedded computer system is intelligent control, and the technical development direction is closely related to the object system, and the reliability of the control ability and control is continuously improved.

The main differences between embedded systems (abbreviated as "embedded") and general-purpose computers (abbreviated as "tong") include the following: form and type "tong": a real computer.

According to its architecture, computing speed and scale, it can be divided into mainframe, medium-sized computer, small computer and microcomputer "embedded": "invisible" computer, in various forms, wide range of applications, classified according to the application of the composition of "boring and elimination": general-purpose processors, standard buses and peripherals, software and hardware are relatively independent "embedded":

For application-oriented microprocessors, buses and peripherals are generally integrated inside the processor, and software and hardware are closely integrated with system resources "Tong": the system resources are sufficient, and there are rich compilers, integrated development environments, debuggers, etc. "Embedded": system resources are scarce, and there is no compiler and other related development chains

The development platform and the running platform are both general-purpose computers "embedded": cross-compilation is adopted, the development platform is generally a general-purpose computer, and the running platform is the secondary development of the embedded system "pass": the application can be reprogrammed "embedded":

In general, it is not possible to reprogram development.

Similarities: The basic design principle is the same, both are chips that provide computing power.

The differences are as follows:

First, the reference is different.

1. General-purpose processor: refers to the CPU chip used for server and desktop computing.

2. Embedded processor: It is the core of the embedded system and the hardware unit that controls and assists the operation of the system.

Second, the characteristics are different.

1. General-purpose processor: The workload is dominated by non-numerical and irregular scalar applications (this load is also the workload characteristic of current transaction processing and web service servers), and the liquid dismantling method to achieve high performance is mainly to develop instruction-level parallelism.

2. Embedded processor: It has a strong function of storage area protection. This is due to the modularization of the software structure of the embedded system, and in order to avoid the cross-play of errors between the software modules, it is necessary to design a robust memory protection function that also facilitates software diagnostics.

Third, the functions are different.

1. General-purpose processor: The superscalar structure is used as the main means to improve the performance of the processor, which is compatible with the RISC structure on the instruction interface, but is dynamically scheduled by the hardware internally to realize the parallel execution of multiple operations.

2. Embedded processor: It has a strong ability to support real-time multi-tasking, can complete multi-tasking and has a short interrupt response time, so that the execution time of the internal and real-time core is reduced to a minimum.

Microprocessors, microcomputers, microprocessors, CPUs, microcontrollers, and embedded processors are different concepts and are very different. Specifically:

1. Microprocessor refers to the first-class processor composed of one or a few large-scale integrated circuits. These circuits function as control components as well as arithmetic logic components, and are mainly used in mobile devices (e.g., smartphones) in real life.

Second, the microcomputer is a kind of electronic computer, referred to as "microcomputer" or "microcomputer", because it has some functions of the human brain, so people also call it "microcomputer". A microcomputer is an electronic computer composed of large-scale integrated circuits and is small in size. It is a bare metal based on a microprocessor, equipped with internal memory, input/output (I0) interface circuits, and corresponding auxiliary circuits.

3. Microprocessor refers to a computer composed of microprocessors, memories and supporting input and output interfaces made of large-scale integrated circuits or ultra-large-scale integrated circuits.

4. CPU, ** processor (CPU, Central Processing Unit) is a very large-scale integrated circuit.

5. Microcontrollers are a kind of integrated circuit chips, which are the use of ultra-large-scale integrated circuit technology to put the best processor CPU, random access RAM, read-only memory ROM, a variety of IO ports and interrupt systems, timer counters and other functions (may also include display drive circuits, pulse width modulation circuits, analog multiplexers, A dConverter and other circuits) are integrated into a piece of silicon to form a small but complete microcomputer system.

6. The embedded processor is the core of the embedded system and the hardware unit that controls and assists the operation of the system.

A microprocessor consists of a processor consisting of one or a handful of LSIs. These circuits perform the functions of control components and arithmetic logic components, and are primarily used in mobile devices such as smartphones

Microcomputer whole process microcomputer, referred to as microcomputer, that is, personal computer (PC, personal computer), notebook is also a kind of microcomputer.

Microcontrollers (microcontrollers) is a kind of integrated circuit chip, which is a small and perfect microcomputer system composed of a small and perfect microcomputer system composed of a silicon wafer that uses ultra-large-scale integrated circuit technology to integrate the best processor CPU, random access RAM, read-only memory ROM, a variety of IO ports and interrupt systems, timer counters and other functions (which may also include display drive circuits, pulse width modulation circuits, analog multiplexers, AD converters and other circuits) into a silicon wafer, mainly used in industrial applications (some are used in DVD players, TVs and other equipment).

CPU, ** processor (CPU, central processing unit) is a very large-scale integrated circuit, is a computer's computing core (core) and control core (control unit). Its function is mainly to interpret computer instructions as well as process data in computer software. It is mainly used for personal computers, mainframe computers, servers, and supercomputers (such as Tianhe-2).

The embedded processor is the core of the embedded system and is the hardware unit that controls and assists the operation of the system. The scope is extremely broad and refers to hardware that can be plugged in or unplugged (interrupted) at any time, such as the CPU.

Generally speaking, embedded processors are specially designed for systems with special requirements and functions, such as pose machines, more commonly are processors such as ARM Qualcomm, and now the mainstream of smart phones are embedded processors of these two manufacturers, and the general power consumption is small (for example, the application on the mobile phone is not as good as the PC), and the shape is small (if it is big, it can't be put down at all), so the cost is much smaller, but the performance is not low, although there is no general-purpose processor NB like Intel AMD But it's more than enough to cope with special requirements and circumstances, such as swiping a card. Play a little game on your phone. Stb.

Operation of the control panel of some machines. None of these features are as difficult to apply as a typical PC.

Hopefully LZ will understand.

If you want to have an in-depth study, you can start with the internal structure and design of both, such as the interface structure, such as the instruction set, etc.

"Embedded" means that it is developed for one or a series of products, and its processing power and processing instructions are highly targeted.

Embedded processors are mobile phone processors that differ mainly from instruction sets to lite speeds.

8, 16, 32 bits are more common.

There is also a difference between the big and small ends!

Different architectures have different instruction sets.

Common embedded processors can be simply divided into the following categories (using computers as an analogy): microcontroller (poor performance computer), arm MIPS (better performance computer), FPGA (special domain computer), DSP (special domain computer). It is important to note that poor performance does not mean that it is bad, it depends on the field of application (avoid anti-aircraft guns to hit mosquitoes).

single-chip microcomputer, the common ones are 51 single-chip microcomputer, MSP430 single-chip microcomputer, etc.; It is characterized by a relatively simple entry point and is used for some common control applications (the algorithm does not need to be very complicated, and the speed does not need to be very fast). The performance and so on are relatively weak.

Arm MIPS, ARM cores are used more now. When in use, it is divided into two situations, on the operating system and not on the operating system. If you don't use the operating system, it's basically used as a single-chip microcomputer (note that the single-chip microcomputer can also be used on the operating system).

The characteristic is that the control speed is relatively fast, but the complexity increases.

FPGAs, programmable logic devices. Take building a house as an example, the processor of 2 3 is equivalent to the framework of the house has been built, and the FPGA is equivalent to just giving you bricks, and you can give full play to your imagination. It is characterized by comparison in high-speed signal applications.

DSP, Digital Signal Processor, is specially used to process some responsible algorithms, and is now mostly used for image recognition processing, etc.

The embedded processor is mainly based on ARM, and the processors of each mobile phone come from the company's design.

There are many applications of embedded processors, industrial control is the main aspect, and there are many others.

What are the characteristics, this is hard to say. You can go to the library and look it up, but it's all innocuous words.

Microprocessors: AM EX, SC-400 and other microcontrollers: 68K series and MCU 8XC930 931, C540 and other system-on-chip

Tricore from Siemens, M-Core from Motorola, etc.

DSP processors: The most widely used is TI's TMS320C2000 C5000 series, as well as Intel's MCS-296 and Siemens' Tricore.