What is the form of land ownership in the bourgeois state 40

Private Ownership In addition to communism, there was also an earlier primitive society, and land was privately owned.

The process of realizing full land ownership began in the 16th century, with the collapse of serfdom, the germination of capitalist production relations within feudal society and the development of the commodity economy. The kulaks, who accounted for about a dozen percent of the total peasant households, became the main representatives of the forces of agrarian capitalism in France.

The biggest difference is that the feudal lords of the land ownership system can collect their own taxes, while the capitalist land ownership system is collected by the state.

Land ownership is ownership of the means of production.

It is the core and foundation of the land system. China implements the socialist public ownership system of land and oranges, that is, the ownership of the whole people.

and collective ownership by the working masses.

There are two specific forms of socialist public ownership of land: state ownership and collective ownership. Private ownership of small land by laborers.

It is a form of land tenure that exists in several societies based on private ownership and is subordinate in these societies.

Modern land tenure.

In the 1980s, China implemented reform and opening up. With the socialist market economy.

With the development of China's rural land, the private contract management system has been re-implemented, and the diversification of state-owned, collective, foreign-funded and private urban economic entities has also emerged, and the urgent need for marketization of urban land has gradually emerged.

Although there has been no substantial change in the basic system of urban land ownership by the state, we should explore ways to use land for compensation, a limited period of time, and negotiable land to protect land resources and the sustainable development of the social environment.

Deepening the reform of the land system to adapt it to changes in the economic structure has become the focus of attention of the whole society.

The characteristics of capitalist private ownership of land are twofold:

1) The ownership of land is separated from the right to operate agriculture. Under the conditions of capitalist private ownership of land, large landowners control and concentrate a large amount of land, and they generally do not directly engage in agricultural production and operation, but lease land to agricultural capitalists and establish capitalist farms based on leased land.

2) The ownership of land is separated from the personal attachment of the laborer to the land. The wage worker in capitalist agriculture has no personal attachment to the landowner, but is a free laborer who sells his labour-power. The agricultural capitalists employ agricultural workers, engage in agricultural production and operation by means of wage labor exploitation, and then pay a part of the surplus value of the exploitation of wage laborers, i.e., excess profits, to the landowners in the form of rent.

The land was divided by the emperor, and at the same time there would be a title, and it would not be fair to trade land with them, this kind of land transaction is not discussed, only pure landlords. The landlord's own quality is very different, there must be a decline, to make a living only by selling land, the landlord who has surplus money wants to buy, the two naturally trade fairly, and the two landlords trade. Under capitalism, land is also a fair trade, but the landowner is not necessarily a landlord, but may be a land operator, planting is only part of the investment, and when the land does not bring profit, it is traded.

Even if the landlord owned a large tract of land and hired a large number of people to cultivate the land, he did not add workshops or open a bank, then he still did not evolve into a bourgeoisie, at most he was an enlightened squire.

The emperor is the only landlord, a real landlord, but he doesn't take care of it, what should he do? Package out, the first class is the prince, except for the emperor to pay some tribute, the output of the fief belongs to him; The second class is the feudal officials, although there is no land, but the property or equal ** will not be less, the third class is the big landlords, they have a background, and they are also rich; The fourth class is a small landlord, and they are indispensable for land sales.

In fact, although the emperor was the largest landowner, he was in name only.

In an agrarian society, land is fundamental, and the lords regard the land as a symbol of power that cannot be touched by others, and the development of industry requires the occupation of a large amount of land, and the willingness of the landowner to trade the land can be realized, so that the land ownership system must be changed so that the small landlords can have the right to sell the land.

There is a price to change the land system, ** buy land from the landlord and then sell it to the peasants, among them, the landlord will have a suitable income, the peasants will also buy the land at an affordable price, ** use the money from the people for the people, as a coordinator to win the favor of the people, and then continue to govern, everyone is happy. If the landlord resists, there is no way, and he will not force it.

Answers]: a, b, c, d

There is a big difference in connotation and extension between national land ownership and collective land ownership in China. State land ownership has more of the absolute characteristics of ownership, while collective land ownership is subject to more liquid restrictions than private land ownership outside the state, and collective land ownership is not absolute, so it can be said that it is not a real "ownership".

Only the landlord class has been heard.

Generally speaking, it refers to the landlord economy in feudal society, where the ruling class deprives the people of land ownership and exploits the peasants' landowners mainly in the form of land rent. All large landowners under the lordship economy in feudal society, such as feudal lords, are also called landlords. The landlord economy is most typical of China's feudal society.

China's feudal landlords adopted a variety of forms of management for their own land: some were operated by themselves, in the form of exploiting slaves or hired laborers; The main thing is to divide the land to others for management, in the form of exploitation of dependent farmers or tenant farmers by rent. In the past dynasties, there were types of dependent peasants, such as private disciples, subordinates, and tenants; Tenant farmers have been called tenants, farmers, farmers, and tenants in the past dynasties.

After the Tang and Song dynasties, the form of subletting to tenant farmers gradually excluded and replaced the form of dependent peasants, and became a typical form of landlord management.

The conditions for the formation of differential rent are differences in the quality of the land, such as differences in fertility, geographical location, etc. The reason for the formation of differential rent is the capitalist monopoly of land in agricultural production. Because:

First, the capitalist monopoly of land has enabled both the superior and middle agricultural capitalists to obtain super-profits. This is because the market value of agricultural products is determined by agricultural capitalists who run inferior land. Second, the capitalist monopoly of land.

In agriculture, it is possible to obtain long-term and stable excess profits in the form of differential rent. The source of differential rent is the surplus value created by agricultural workers. The form of differential rent:

Differential rent is the excess profit obtained by agricultural capitalists who invest the same amount of capital in plots of different quality, and operate medium and good land; Differential rent is the excess profit obtained by continuously chasing investment to improve labor productivity on the same piece of land. Absolute ground rent. Absolute rent is the rent that needs to be paid for renting any land.

It is the rent that the landlord receives by virtue of his ownership of the land. The condition for the formation of absolute rent is that the organic composition of capital in agriculture is lower than the average level of society. The reason for this is the capitalist monopoly of land.

This is because: first, the monopoly of private ownership of land makes the value of agricultural products higher than the balance of production, and it is possible to remain in the agricultural sector to form absolute rent. Second, the monopoly of private ownership of land makes the surplus of the value of agricultural products higher than that of social production must remain in the agricultural sector to form absolute rent.

The source of absolute rent is part of the surplus value created by agricultural workers.