High school geography, some simple doubts about sunspots,

1: The flare is formed by a large number of high-temperature charged particles ejected after the sunspot center collapses, and it is generally produced near the sunspot region. 2: The navigator uses GPS positioning satellites, and the transmission of mobile phone signals depends on the ground relay station, and the flare eruption has a greater impact on satellites in space, and the impact of electromagnetic wave transmission on the ground is smaller

All the effects of flares on the earth, of course, sunspots also have. Because they are inherently relative, if the effect of the flare is positive, then the effect of sunspots can be prescribed as negative. Anyway, they are all deviations, such as magnetic fields, whether they are enhanced or weakened, aren't they all unstable in nature?

Doesn't this lead to the earth's electromagnetic waves being strong and weak, or even interrupted for a short time? It also causes the earth's magnetic field to be strong and weak, and the direction is from left to right, which is not the reason why the magnetic needle swings violently and forms a magnetic storm? You might say:

Since there is a positive and a negative, why don't the influences cancel each other out? The reason is simple. They did not arrive on Earth at the same time.

Just as waves have peaks and troughs, they don't reach the same place at the same time. The second question couldn't be simpler. They all use electromagnetic waves though.

However, the anti-interference ability of different instruments is different, so some cannot work normally, while others can.

(1) The interannual variation of precipitation was correlated with the annual variation of sunspots.

2) The interannual variation of precipitation is consistent with the annual variation cycle of sunspots, which is positively correlated for a period and negatively correlated for a period.

3) The change of sunspots affects the change of precipitation.

The greater the change in sunspot number, the greater the fluctuation in annual precipitation.

Many black spots can often be seen on the photosphere, called sunspots. The size, number, position, and shape of sunspots on the surface of the sun vary from day to day. Sunspots are areas of local strong magnetic fields formed by the violent movement of photospheric materials, and are important markers of photospheric activity.

Long-term observation of sunspots will find that some years have more sunspots, some years have fewer sunspots, sometimes even a few days, dozens of days without sunspots on the sun. Astronomers have long noted that sunspots go from the most (or least) year to the next most (or least) year, about 11 years apart. That is, sunspots have an average of 11 active cycles.

On the photosphere of the Sun, there are some swirling air currents, like a shallow disk, concave in the middle, which appear to be black, and these vortex air currents are sunspots. The sunspot itself is not black, and the reason why it is seen black is because it is cooler than the light sphere.

One or two thousand degrees, under the support of a brighter ball of light lining the acacia stove, it becomes a dark sunspot that looks like there is no bright light.

Sunspots are made up of the umbra and the penumbra, the umbra is the particularly black part, the penumbra is not too dark, it is composed of many fibrous textures, and has a swirling structure. When the large sunspot group has a vortex structure, it indicates that there will be drastic changes on the Sun. Humans have been discovering sunspot activity for thousands of years.

In the first 4 years or so, sunspots continue to be produced, more and more, and the activity intensifies, and the year when the number of sunspots reaches a maximum is called the peak year of solar activity. In the following 7 years or so, the sunspot activity gradually decreases, and the sunspot number becomes less and less, and the year when the number of sunspots is extremely small is called the solar activity valley year. Internationally, it is stipulated that the sunspot cycle from 1755 onwards is the first week, and then in order.

1999 began as the 23rd week.

If you look at the sun with a piece of black glass, you can see that there are sometimes some black spots on the surface of the sun, which are sunspots. On days when the wind and sand obscure the sun and the sun weakens, we can see sunspots with the naked eye.

On the surface of the sun, sunspots are sometimes just tiny black dots. Don't underestimate this little black dot, it's at least hundreds of kilometers in diameter! So, what exactly are sunspots?

To put it simply, sunspots are actually storms blowing up on the surface of the sun, which are huge, swirling hot air currents. Kuroko is not black. Its temperature is around 4500°C, which is much hotter than boiling molten steel.

But it's about 1500°C cooler than the surrounding 6000°C. Therefore, under the background of the bright background of the Mingpei shed, the sunspots with low temperature appear very dark.

How are sunspots formed? We know that the surface temperature of the sun is 6000°C, and the core temperature is above 15000000°C. The surface density of the sun is very small, only 10 billion parts of water.

However, its center is 110 times more balanced than water. This huge difference in temperature and density between the inside and outside causes a large-scale movement of solar matter. Sunspots are a manifestation of the movement of the sun's matter.

After long-term observation, it has been found that the number of sunspots on the sun is more in some years and less in others. Changes in the number of sunspots are cyclical, peaking approximately every 11 years. The number of sunspots reflects the strength of the sun's material activity.

Changes in the sun's material activity will inevitably have an impact on the earth's environment and life on the earth. The explosion of sunspots will interfere with the earth's magnetic field, causing serious harm and huge losses to aerospace, communications, navigation and positioning, power grids, and modern military activities. The sunspot explosion also causes a surge in the amount of ozone that occurs above the atmosphere.

The increased ozone absorbs more solar heat than normal, causing changes in air temperature, air pressure, and atmospheric circulation, resulting in severe weather. Some scientists say that the "naughty behavior" of sunspots is likely to be the cause of global climate anomalies such as "El Niño".