Briefly describe the steps of cellular respiration, the characteristics and the location of occurren

Aerobic respiration: In the first stage, 1 molecule of glucose is broken down into 2 molecules of pyruvate, releasing a small amount of energy and producing a small amount of [H].(Oxidized coenzymes are converted into reducing coenzymes) do not require oxygen participation and are carried out in the cytoplasm.

The third stage: The [h] produced by the above two stages combines with oxygen to form water after a series of reactions, and at the same time releases a large amount of energy. This stage requires the participation of oxygen, ** carried out on the three-dimensional intima.

The whole process requires the involvement of enzymes.

Anaerobic respiration: simply breaks down pyruvate into lactic acid, or alcohol and carbon dioxide.

1) A is produced by the decomposition of glucose, which is pyruvate, B The utilization of water occurs in the second stage of aerobic respiration, and the production site of water is the inner mitochondrial membrane (2) The cell obtains O2 from the chloroplast of adjacent cells, and needs to pass through 2 layers of chloroplast membrane, 1 layer of adjacent cell membrane, 1 layer of the cell membrane and 2 layers of mitochondrial membrane, a total of 6 membrane structures, and its transmembrane transport mode is free diffusion (3) The cell produces CO2 in all the cytoplasmic matrix and mitochondria, Since aerobic respiration consumes 1 mol of glucose to produce 6 mol of CO2, and anaerobic respiration consumes 1 mol of glucose to produce 2 mol of CO2, the ratio of glucose consumed by aerobic respiration and anaerobic respiration to produce the same amount of CO2 is 1:3 (4) The basic scaffold of the mitochondrial membrane is the phospholipid bilayer, and the functional property of the mitochondrial membrane is selective permeability (5) Combined with the diagram process, the reaction formula of aerobic respiration can be written as C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O enzyme 6CO2 + 12H2O+Energy So the answer is: (1) pyruvate 2 inner mitochondrial membrane (2) 6 free diffusion (3) cytoplasmic matrix, mitochondria 1:

3 (4) phospholipid bilayer selects permeability: (5) C6H12O6 + 6O2 + 6H2O enzyme 6CO2 + 12H2O+ energy.

Ruminant. Such as camels, deer, giraffes, alpacas, antelopes, cattle, sheep, etc.

Because these animals have complex ruminant stomachs and can regurgitate food, they are called ruminants.

The stomach of ruminants is generally divided into four parts: the stomach of a single stomach is equivalent to that of a monogastric animal, and before the stomach is preceded by three stomachs, which are actually different differentiations of the esophagus: the rumen, the reticulum and the double stomach.

The rumen also has a vestibule, which is sometimes seen as a separate gastric chamber, and some scholars also combine the rumen with the reticulum into one unit, so that ruminants have four or five gastric chambers, depending on the data.

Characteristics of cellular respiration: Under the catalysis of enzymes, organic matter is oxidized and decomposed under mild conditions, and the energy is gradually released, without violent luminescence and heating.

1. The concept of cellular respiration: Cellular respiration refers to the process by which cells obtain energy from food molecules (mainly glucose) under aerobic conditions. Sugars, lipids, and protein organics are oxidatively decomposed into CO2 and water or into incomplete oxidation products within living cells, accompanied by the release of energy.

2. The essence of cellular respiration: oxidation and decomposition of organic matter to release energy.

3. The significance of cellular respiration provides energy for the life activities of living organisms; It provides raw materials for the synthesis of other compounds in the body.

Absorbs oxygen, releases carbon dioxide, and consumes organic matter.

a chloroplast b mitochondria c vacuole d cytoplasm Answer: a. Chloroplasts - the site of photosynthesis, which converts light energy into chemical energy and stores it in organic matter It does not fit the topic

B. Mitochondria-site of respiration, which releases the chemical energy stored in organic matter for cell utilization

c. Vacuole-The cell fluid in the vacuole dissolves a variety of substances that do not conform to the topic D. Cytoplasm-The cytoplasm contains many substances The cytoplasm of living cells is fluid, which is conducive to the exchange of substances between the cell and the external environment It does not meet the topic

Therefore, b

Stage 1 (glycolysis): 1 molecule of glucose is decomposed into 2 molecules of pyruvate, 4 (H)* are removed at the same time, a small amount of energy is released, 2 ATP are synthesized, and the rest is lost as heat energy.

The second stage (citric acid cycle and tricarboxylic acid cycle): 2 molecules of pyruvate and 6 molecules of hydrogen in water are all removed by 20 [H] to form 6 molecules of carbon dioxide, a small amount of energy is released, 2 ATP are synthesized, and the rest of the heat dissipation disappears.

The third stage (electron transport chain, oxidative phosphorylation): 24 [H] taken off in the first two stages combine with 6 oxygen molecules to form water, and a large amount of energy is released to synthesize 34 ATP, and the rest is lost as heat energy.

Do you know what the three stages of aerobic respiration are, let's find out.

Respiration takes place mainly in the mitochondria of the cell.

Overview of respiration:

The life activities of living organisms all need to consume energy, which comes from the oxidative decomposition of organic substances such as sugars, lipids and proteins in living organisms. The total process of organic matter in living organisms undergoes a series of oxidative decomposition in cells to finally produce carbon dioxide, water or other products, and release energy, which is called respiration (also known as biological oxidation).

Respiration is a chemical process in which the cells of an organism oxidize and decompose organic matter to produce energy, also known as cellular respiration. Whether autotrophic or not, the energy required to complete life activities in cells comes from respiration. In eukaryotic cells, mitochondria are the organelles most associated with respiration, where several key steps of respiration are carried out.

Respiration Applications:

Fermentation engineering: Fermentation engineering refers to the use of engineering technology to use certain functions of organisms, mainly microorganisms, to produce useful biological products for human beings, or directly use microorganisms to participate in the control of certain industrial production processes. Examples of this are well-known yeast fermentation for beer, fruit wine, and industrial alcohol, lactic acid bacteria for cheese and kefir milk, and fungi for large-scale production of penicillin.

With the progress of science and technology, fermentation technology has also developed greatly, and has entered the stage of modern fermentation engineering that can artificially control and modify microorganisms to make these microorganisms produce products for human beings. As an important part of modern biotechnology, modern fermentation engineering has broad application prospects. For example, DNA recombinant technology is used to purposefully modify the original strain and increase its yield; Microbial fermentation is used to produce pharmaceuticals such as human insulin, interferon and auxin.

Chloroplast is the site of photosynthesis, and the chlorophyll in chloroplast can only absorb light energy, convert light energy into chemical energy, and store it in the defective mountain bond machinery it makes; Mitochondria are the site of respiration, which can decompose organic matter in cells into carbon dioxide and water with the participation of oxygen, and at the same time release chemical and chemical energy in organic matter for cell utilization

So the answer is: mitochondria.

Answer]: C answer is stupid and blind] C. Untie the empty empty first analysis:

Anaerobic respiration does not require the participation of O2, and the [H] produced in the first stage participates in the reaction with pyruvate in the second stage, and finally there is no [H] accumulation, a error; [H]** produced by aerobic respiration combines with oxygen on the inner membrane to form water to form water, b error; Anaerobic respiration only releases a small amount of energy to synthesize ATP in the first stage, and no energy is released in the second stage, c is correct; Glucose cannot enter the mitochondria, and what enters the mitochondria is pyruvate and [H],d error.

The following description of cellular respiration is correct ()aLow temperature, low oxygen and dry environment are the most conducive to the storage of fruits and vegetables.

b.Choosing a "band-aid" with good air permeability can ensure the aerobic respiration of human cells and avoid cell necrosis at the wound site.

c.The reason why the lid of the yogurt box is bulging in summer is that the aerobic respiration of lactic acid bacteria produces a large amount of CO2DCorn is produced by anaerobic respiration by yeast to produce alcohol, which can be used as fuel instead of gasoline.

Correct answer: d