Three types of regional goods and environmental surface bacteria. What is the total number of coloni

The total number of bacterial colonies of medical supplies exposed to ** should be 200 cfu g or 100 cm2, and pathogenic microorganisms should not be detected.

Distribution of bacteria in nature.

a) Bacteria in the soil.

Soil contains a large number of microorganisms, and the bacteria in the soil come from autotrophic and saprophytic bacteria that naturally live in the soil, as well as bacteria that enter the soil with animal excrement and their carcasses. Most of them are found in the soil at a depth of 10 to 20 cm above the ground. The deeper the soil layer, the lower the number of bacteria, and the bacteria exposed to the surface of the soil layer are not conducive to their survival due to sunlight exposure and drying, so the number of bacteria is small.

The microorganisms in the soil are mainly bacteria, followed by actinomycetes, fungi, spirochetes, etc. The vast majority of microorganisms in the soil are beneficial to people, they participate in nature's material cycle, decompose animal carcasses and excrement; fixes nitrogen in the atmosphere for plant use; Many microorganisms that produce antibiotics can be isolated from the soil. Pathogenic microorganisms that enter the soil are prone to death, but some bacteria that can form spores, such as tetanus bacillus, gas gangrene, botulinum toxin, and bacillus anthracis, can survive in the soil for many years.

Therefore, soil has a lot to do with anaerobic contamination of wounds and war wounds.

b) Bacteria in water.

Water is also a natural environment for microorganisms, and bacteria in the water come from soil, dust, sewage, human and animal excrement, and garbage. The types and quantities of microorganisms in water vary depending on the water source. In general, surface water contains more bacteria than groundwater and is easily contaminated by pathogenic bacteria.

In nature, water sources are constantly polluted, but they are also constantly self-purifying. Sunlight and ultraviolet rays can kill bacteria in surface water, protists in water can engulf bacteria, and algae and bacteriophages can inhibit the growth of some bacteria; In addition, the microorganisms in the water often sink into the bottom sludge with some particles, so that the bacteria in the water are greatly reduced.

Pathogens in water, such as typhoid bacillus, dysentery bacillus, Vibrio cholerae, leptospira, etc., mainly come from human and animal faeces and contaminants. Therefore, fecal management is of great significance in the control and elimination of infectious diseases in the digestive tract. However, it is more difficult to directly check the pathogenic bacteria in the water, and the total number of bacteria and the number of E. coli bacteria are commonly used to judge the degree of water pollution, and the current standard of drinking water in China is 1m1, and the total number of bacteria in the water is not more than 100; The number of coliforms per 1 liter of water does not exceed 3.

If this number is exceeded, it means that the water source may be seriously contaminated with feces, and pathogenic bacteria may be present in the water.

Excludes microorganisms**.

state according to pathogenic microorganisms.

The degree of infectiousness and harm to individuals or groups after infection, and the implementation of classified management of pathogenic microorganisms, Ministry of Agriculture.

A taxonomic list of animal pathogenic microorganisms has been promulgated, which divides animal pathogenic microorganisms into:

1. The first category is microorganisms that can cause very serious diseases in humans or animals, as well as microorganisms that have not yet been discovered or have been declared eliminated in China. Such as foot-and-mouth disease virus, highly pathogenic avian influenza.

Virus, bovine spongiform encephalopathy.

Cause of disease. 2. The second category is microorganisms that can cause serious diseases in humans or animals, and are relatively easy to spread directly or indirectly between humans and people, animals and people, and animals and animals. Such as bluetongue virus, rabbit viral hemorrhagic virus, Bacillus anthracis.

Brucella. <>

Certain pathogens.

After repeated exposure to certain chemical drugs, their reactivity is constantly weakened, so that the pathogen can resist the drug without being killed or inhibited, which is the pathogen's tolerance to the drug, which is called drug resistance.

or drug resistance. The main cause of drug resistance is insufficient dosage of a drug or long-term use of a drug. Many bacteria develop resistance.

The pathogen develops resistance, often with less or no effect at all. Drug-resistant strains have a history of loss, so it is necessary to strictly grasp the indications in the first disease to prevent drug abuse.

The general outpatient clinic and its examination room belong to several types of environments, and the average colony on the surface of the object should not be higher.

1.The environment is a diagnosis and treatment place using air cleaning technology, which is divided into a clean operating department and other clean places. The average number of colonies in the air of the former should meet the requirements of GB50333, the average number of colonies in the air of the latter should reach the plate (plate exposure time is 30min), and the average number of colonies on the surface of both objects should be .

2.The environment is a non-clean operating department (room), delivery room, wide catheterization laboratory, hematology ward, burn ward and other protective isolation wards, intensive care wards, neonatal ventricular fibrillation, etc. The average number of colonies in the ambient air should reach the dish (plate exposure time is 15min), and the average number of colonies on the surface of the object should be .

Summary. Solid beverages: The total number of colonies of solid beverage products shall not exceed 1000 cfu g, coliform bacteria shall not exceed 90mpn 100g, and mold shall not exceed 50 cfu g.

Solid beverages: The total number of colonies of solid beverage products should not exceed 1000 cfu g, or the number of coliform bacteria should not exceed 90 mpn 100 g, and the mold should not exceed 50 cfu g.

Puffed food: The total number of colonies of puffed food shall not exceed 10000cfu g, and the coliform bacteria shall not exceed 90mpn 100g.

Pastries, bread, moon cakes: The total number of colonies in moon cake products shall not exceed 1500cfu g, the coliform bacteria shall not exceed 30mpn 100g, and the mold shall not exceed 100cfu g. The total number of colonies in cake products should not exceed 10000 cfu g, coliform bacteria should not exceed 300mpn 100g, and mold should not exceed 150 cfu g.

Vinegar: The total number of colonies in vinegar should not exceed 10000 cfu ml.

Biscuits: The total number of colonies of non-sandwich biscuits shall not exceed 750 cfu g, the total number of colonies of sandwich dust biscuits shall not exceed 2000 cfu g, and the mold count of biscuit products shall not exceed 50 cfu g.

Different food hygiene standards are different.

1. Standard for the total number of colonies in puffed food:

According to the national mandatory standard GB17401-2003 "Hygienic Standard for Puffed Food", the total number of colonies of puffed food should be 10000CFU G, and the coliform bacteria should be 90MPN 100g.

2. Standard for the total number of colonies in solid beverages:

According to the national mandatory standard GB7101-2003 "Hygiene Standard for Solid Beverages", the total number of colonies of solid beverage products should be 1000cfu g; Coliform bacteria should be 90mpn 100g; Mold should be 50cfu g, which can be judged as unqualified solid drink and beat local material if it exceeds the national standard.

3. The standard for the total number of colonies in cakes, bread and moon cakes:

According to the national "Hygiene Standards for Pastries and Bread", the total number of colonies in moon cake products shall not exceed 1500cfu g, the coliform bacteria shall not exceed 30mpn 100g, and the mold count shall not exceed 100cfu g; Standard requirements for cake production: total number of colonies 10000cfu g, coliform 300mpn 100g, mold 150cfu g.

4. Standard for the total number of colonies in vinegar:

According to the national mandatory standard GB2719-2003 "Vinegar Hygiene Standard", the total number of colonies in vinegar shall not exceed 10000cfu ml, and it can be judged as unqualified vinegar if it exceeds the national standard.

5. Standard for the total number of colonies in frozen drinks:

According to the National Mandatory Standard Hygienic Standard for Frozen Drinks, the total number of colonies of frozen drinks containing starch or fruits should be 3000cfu g, and the coliform bacteria should be 100mpn 100g; The total number of colonies of frozen drinks containing milk eggs should be 25000cfu g, and the coliform bacteria should be 450mpn 100g.

6. The standard for the total number of colonies in biscuits:

According to the national mandatory standard GB7100-2003 "Biscuit Hygiene Standard", the total number of colonies of non-sandwich biscuits shall not exceed 750 cfu g, and the total number of colonies of sandwich biscuits shall not exceed 2000 cfu g; The mold count of biscuit products shall not exceed 50cfu g, and it can be judged as unqualified if it exceeds the national standard.

7. Standard for the total number of bacteria in pasteurized and sterilized milk:

According to the national mandatory standard GB19645-2005 "Hygienic Standard for Pasteurization and Sterilized Milk", the total number of colonies of sterilized milk shall not exceed 10cfu g, and the coliform bacteria shall not exceed 3mpn 100g.

8. Standard for the total number of colonies of candied fruit:

According to the national mandatory standard GB14884-2003 "Health Standard for Candied Fruit", the total number of colonies in candied food shall not exceed 1000CFU g; The mold shall not exceed 50cfu g, and it can be judged as an unqualified milk candied product if it exceeds the national standard.

Answer]: B Total bacteria refers to unit weight (g), volume (m1), or surface area (cm. ) contains the total number of colonies that can be cultured under strictly defined conditions.

Different food hygiene standards are different.

For example, the total number of bacteria in the hygiene standard of cooked food is about less than 100cfu g., for example, the total number of bacteria in the hygiene standard of fresh meat is 100000cfu g