Are all the ions mentioned in high school stable, and what are the common ions in high school?

High school chemistry deals with the most common ions and can generally be considered to be relatively stable. Elements have different valence states, and their atoms can also form a variety of ions, especially in variable valence metals, which are common, but the existence of ions in various forms, we often say that they only refer to simple ions that can exist more stably in aqueous solutions, oxygenates.

Complex ions such as ligands are not taken into account, and these are not required in high school. Magnesium and other alkaline earth metals.

Similarly, only positive divalent cations can be formed.

However, the positive monoxide state is almost impossible from the perspective of its electronic configuration and the possible energy changes in the process of forming compounds. In addition, the ionic forms described in high school are generally the manifestations of the most typical characteristic oxidation states of the element, and a few rare oxidation states are determined by their special factors, which are neither important nor need to be mastered.

The ions we generally say about an element are usually the simple ions formed by the element, and the simple ions generally have a stable structure, such as magnesium ions refer to the structure of the electron shell, which does not refer to the monovalent magnesium ions, and the positive monovalent magnesium ions only exist in the gaseous state (which can be learned in the first ionization energy).

Not all ions in high school are stable. For example, N3 and P3 are chemically very active and easy to react with water, so they do not exist in solution.

No, the second compulsory course will come up. The positive divalent magnesium ions you are referring to are only the periodicity of valence embodied in the periodic law. There are also particularities, like many multivalence elements such as n have +1 +2 +3 +4 +5 -3 valence.

Of course, there are positive monovalent mg ions.

However, it is difficult for her to form compounds.

Because he is the most stable.

And monovalent magnesium can hardly form stable compounds so in your learning process.

All the magnesium that you can come into contact with is either elemental or bivalent magnesium.

Without the use of extremely advanced technical means, the ions are very stable because they have very stable ionic bonds inside.

Common ions:

Hydrogen ion H+

Fluoride ion f-

Sodium ion Na+

Chloride Cl-

Potassium K+

Oxygen ion O2-

Magnesium ion mg2+

Calcium Ca2+

Aluminum-ion Al3+

Sulfide ion S2-

Ammonium ion NH4+

Hydroxide ion oh-

Nitrate ion no3-

Sulfate ion SO42-

Carbonate ion CO32-

Metal cations, various acid ions (H).

1. Metal ions, such as: potassium ions, sodium ions, calcium ions, magnesium ions, aluminum ions, zinc ions, ferrous ions, iron ions, lead imitation Zheng Hao ions, copper ions, silver ions, etc.;

2. Non-metallic ions, such as: chloride ions, fluoride ions, bromine ions, iodine ions, hydrogen ions, hydroxide ions, etc.;

3. Acid root preparation ions, such as: nitrate ions, sulfate clump ions, sulfite ions, carbonate ions, etc.

1. Metal ions, such as: potassium ions, sodium ions, calcium mold ions, magnesium ions, aluminum ions, zinc ions, ferrous ions, iron ions, lead ions, copper ions, silver ions, etc.;

2. Non-metallic ions, such as: chloride ions, fluoride ions, bromine ions, iodine ions, hydrogen ions, hydroxide ions, etc.;

3. Acid ions, such as: nitrate ions, sulfate ions, sulfite ions, carbonate ions, etc.

When the number of electrons outside the nucleus satisfies the 8-electron structure, it is relatively stable, although there are exceptions. In short, there must be a specific object to be judged, and stability is a relative relationship.

Chemical properties. chemical property) is the property of a substance that manifests itself in a chemical change. Such as the chemical general properties of the substance category: acidic, basic, oxidizing.

Reductiveness. thermal stability and a number of other properties. Chemical properties and chemical changes are inherent properties of any substance, such as oxygen, which has flammability as its chemical property; At the same time, oxygen can react chemically with hydrogen.

produces water, for its chemical properties. Any substance is distinguished from other substances by its very different chemical properties and chemical changes; Chemical properties are the relative restiness of a substance, and chemical change is the relative motion of a substance. Such as flammability, stability, instability, thermal stability, acidic, alkaline, oxidation, flammability, reduction, complexation, toxicity, corrosiveness, metallic, non-metallic.

Phenomena that react with certain substances, etc. The chemical properties of a substance can be known by the method of causing a chemical reaction to a substance.

For example, carbon is burned in the air to produce carbon dioxide.

Hydrochloric acid with sodium hydroxide.

The reaction produces sodium chloride.

and water; Heating KCLO3 to melting can rekindle the sparkled strips, indicating that KCLO3 is able to release O2 when heated to higher temperatures. Therefore, KCLO3 has the chemical property of thermal decomposition to produce O2. Chemical properties are characterized by the fact that after the properties of the substance are measured, the original substance disappears.

For example, people can use the method of combustion to measure whether the substance is flammable, and the method of heating to see whether it decomposes can measure the stability of the substance. The oxidation, reduction, and universality of various substances exhibited by substances in chemical reactions are all chemical properties.

chemical changes, e.g. ".

Chemical properties. Chemical properties.

Chemical properties, eg"Candles can burn", in the description of chemical properties, often accompanied by the words "can, can, will, easy, have" and so on.

Chemical properties and chemical changes are inherent properties of any substance, such as oxygen, which has flammability as its chemical property; At the same time, oxygen can react with hydrogen to produce water, which is its chemical property. Any substance is distinguished from other substances by its very different chemical properties and chemical changes; Chemical properties are the relative restiness of a substance, and chemical change is the relative motion of a substance.

Molecule is a kind of particle that maintains the chemical properties of a substance, such as: steamed bread encounters solid iodine, iodine solution, iodine vapor will turn blue.

To measure whether a particle is stable, the main basis for judging is the number of electrons in the outer shell of the particle. For example, sodium ions and chloride ions, the reason why they often appear in positive and negative monovalent ions is because the outermost electron number of these two ions is 8, and similarly, the noble gas argon in the same period is also very stable because the outer electron number is also 8, so that no reaction occurs. Normally, when the number of electrons in the outer shell is 2 and 8, the particle becomes more stable.

The elementary particle is the only unit that retains the chemical properties of a substance. Ions are no longer a property of an element due to ionization. Such as:

Sodium is a reactive metal with low hardness and low boiling point, and chlorine is a toxic reactive gas. On the contrary, sodium chloride is a colorless crystal or white powder, a stable compound with high hardness and high melting boiling point. It is clear that we consume table salt every day, and we are not poisoned, so ions cannot maintain the properties of elemental substances and can only maintain the properties of their own ions.

It is not possible to simply compare the stability of ionic atoms, atoms and ions have internal structures, and when the number of electrons outside the nucleus satisfies the electronic structure, it is relatively stable, but there are exceptions.

In short, there must be a specific object to determine the relative magnitude of its stability.

If it is compared with the same elements, then except for noble gases, most of them are more stable in the ionic state than in the atomic state.

Similarly, the stability of ions depends on the arrangement of electrons, and the lowest energy is a relatively stable state.

Some ions are very stable, such as sodium, potassium, chloride, etc.

Some ions (ions that tend to react with water or air to form other substances) are unstable. Such as ferrous ions, nitrite ions, aluminum ions, etc.