Help to think about the enlightenment of capitalist surplus value for the socio economic developmen

From the definition of capital, that is, capital is the value that constantly seeks its own value appreciation in motion, it can be clearly understood that the essence of capital is value.

In the process of the movement of capital, money is the initial manifestation of capital. The capitalists used money to buy the commodities of labor and raw materials, and invested them in the process of producing the ton. In this process, wage workers create value that exceeds the value of labor power and is appropriated by the capitalist without compensation, so that the value of labor commodities increases and the goods have new and more value.

The capitalists will take the goods, get more money, and at the same time the money will be returned to the hands of the capitalists. Since the capitalists are in pursuit of profits, the movement of the above-mentioned capital will continue to run again and again. That is, capital is the value that brings surplus value.

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Discuss the development trend of capitalism in combination with the law of surplus value and the consequences of capital accumulation.1 The essence of capital accumulationThe essence of capital accumulation is that capitalists use the surplus value they occupy without compensation to continuously occupy more surplus value. Capitalist production is characterized by expanded reproduction. The expansion of reproduction requires additional means of production and labor, and requires more capital, which requires capital accumulation.

Capital accumulation is the capitalist's transformation of surplus value into capital, capitalizing surplus value. The capitalist divides the surplus value m into two parts, one part (m x) for his own consumption and that of his family, and the other part g for the expansion of reproduction, the purchase of new means of production, and the hiring of more workers. Surplus value is the source of capital accumulation, and capital accumulation is the source of expanded reproduction.

That is: surplus value = > capital accumulation = > expanded reproduction.

Hello dear! We're happy to answer for you! Discuss the development trend of capitalism in combination with the law of surplus value and the consequences of capital accumulation.1 The essence of capital accumulationThe essence of capital accumulation is that capitalists use the surplus value they occupy without compensation to continuously occupy more surplus value.

Capitalist production is characterized by expanded reproduction. The expansion of reproduction requires additional means of production and labor, and more capital is needed, which requires capital accumulation. Capital accumulation is the capitalist's transformation of surplus value into capital, so that surplus value is capitalized.

The capitalist divides the surplus value m into two parts, one part (m x) for his own consumption and that of his family, and the other part g for the expansion of reproduction, the purchase of new means of production, and the hiring of more workers. Surplus value is the source of capital accumulation, and capital accumulation is the source of expanded reproduction. Namely:

Surplus value = > capital accumulation = > expanded reproduction.

The law of surplus value refers to the law of surplus value generation and capital multiplication. It reflects the reality of capitalist production and is the basic economic law of capitalism. The difference between the value created by labor and the remuneration of labor in the new value produced by the laborers who are exploited by the ruling class is "the labor created by the laborers and appropriated by the bourgeoisie without compensation".

Surplus value examines the "multiplication of value" in the process of labor. Obviously, this "multiplication" is not the other "value-added", but determines the movement of economic phenomena and profit growth. Regarding the theory of the rise of the surplus price, Marx gave a general comment:

All economists make the mistake of looking at surplus value not in terms of its pure form, not in terms of it itself, but in terms of the special forms of profit and rent. ”

There is an essential difference between socialist surplus value and capitalist surplus value.

Socialist surplus value is the part of the value created by the united laborers that exceeds the wages of the laborers, that is, the new value created for society. Socialist surplus value reflects the mutual assistance and mutual benefit of laborers and the material interests between the state, enterprises and individuals under socialist conditions. The appropriation of socialist surplus value is the socialist state apparatus and its functionaries, and the state spends a large part of the surplus value for the re-welfare of the toilers.

The purpose of socialist production is to satisfy the needs of the laborers, and therefore it produces surplus value only to better satisfy the needs of the laborers. In a socialist public-owned economy, the more surplus labor a worker spends, the greater his contribution. Therefore, in the socialist public-owned economy, the ratio of the laborer's surplus labor to the necessary balance of labor, or the ratio of the surplus value created by the laborer to his personal income, that is, the rate of surplus value, is no longer the exploitation rate that represents the degree of exploitation, but has become the contribution rate.

It is a historical necessity that a large number of "surplus value," a phenomenon peculiar to capitalism, exists in China's socialist economy at the present stage. There is an essential difference between surplus value in capitalism and socialism, and the surplus value under the conditions of the socialist market economy is formed in the market competition under the state's macroeconomic regulation and control, which reflects the socialist social relations of production. In capitalist society, surplus value reflects the relationship between exploitation and exploitation in which the capitalist appropriates the surplus labor of wage workers.

Politically, whether the state power is in the hands of the proletariat or in the hands of the bourgeoisie, and whether the policy pursued is to mainly safeguard the fundamental rights and interests of the broad masses of the working people of the proletariat or to safeguard the fundamental rights and interests of the bourgeois ruling stratum, these two are the criteria for judging the nature of society.

Economically, whether the means of production are dominated by public ownership or private ownership is the criterion for judging socialism and capitalism.

Culturally, whether the state and the society advocate the cultural habit of safeguarding and protecting the vital rights and interests of the masses of the people, or whether they advocate the "culture of social classes" and the "culture of difference between the rich and the poor" that conform to the ruling interests of the bourgeoisie, and whether all kinds of decadent ideas and cultures are criticized and abandoned are the criteria for judging the nature of the two societies.