What are the three major categories of sculptures that are famous in China and abroad?

Round carving. Relief. There are three major categories of openwork:

Relief is the product of the combination of sculpture and painting, using the method of compression to deal with the object, relying on perspective and other factors to express the three-dimensional space, and only for one or two sides**. Reliefs are generally attached to another plane, so they are used more in architecture and can often be seen on utensils. Due to its compressive nature, it takes up less space, so it is suitable for decoration in a variety of environments.

In recent years, it has taken on an increasingly important role in the urban landscaping environment. The reliefs are as colorful as the round carvings in terms of content, form and material. The materials of the reliefs are stone, wood, ivory and metal.

Round carving works, also known as three-dimensional carving, refers to non-compressed, three-dimensional sculpture that can be appreciated in multiple directions and angles. Round carving is the overall representation of art on a carved piece, and the viewer can see all sides of the object from different angles. It requires the carver to engrave from the front, back, left, right, top, center, and bottom.

The techniques and forms of round carving are also varied, including realistic and decorative, concrete and abstract, indoor and outdoor, shelf and large-scale city carving, colored and non-colored, etc.; The content and subject matter of the sculpture are also rich and colorful, which can be figures, animals, and even still lifes; The materials are even more colorful, including stone, wood, metal, clay sculptures, textiles, paper, plants, rubber and so on. Openwork is a form of sculpture. On the basis of the relief, the background part of the hollow is hollowed out, and there are roughly two kinds:

First, on the basis of relief, the background part of the general hollow is hollowed out, some are single-sided carvings, and some are double-sided carvings. Generally, there is a border called "hollow flower board". The second is a form of sculpture between round carving and relief carving, also known as intaglio carving, hollow carving, or relief carving.

Bamboo and wood tooth horn carving or something, the details are here.

All I know is that there are reliefs....Woodcarving.

Let's try this thing with foam carving.

Rodin's The Thinker. Rodin is the most famous French sculptor of modern times and is known as the "father of modern sculpture". He was the last sculptor of the old period (classicism) and the first sculptor of the new period (modernism).

This sculpture was made by Rodin for the lintel of The Gates of Hell. The figure of the sculpture is bent over the knees, with his right hand supporting his chin, and his mouth biting his thick hand, falling into bitter thought. The arch of the eyebrows is protruding, the eyes are deep in the shadows, the masseter muscles are raised, and the muscles of the whole body are tense.

It intensified his anguish and deep contemplation. Moore's "Recumbent Figure". This statue was created in 1957-1958 for the UNESCO building in Paris.

It is an abstract sculpture depicting a woman reclining and looking into the distance. Expressive statues like this emphasize the subjective spirit, the aesthetic ideal. Such a sculpture should be from the inner artistic conception, not just the appearance.

The volume of the "Lushena Buddha" in Luoyang, Henan Province and the number of terracotta warriors and horses in the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang are huge.

That's a lot. Books on sculpture can be purchased. Learn more, appreciate.

1. From the production process, sculpture can be divided into carving and plastic.

1. Carving is to cut and dig out the excess parts from the complete and solid body, such as stone carving, wood carving, jade carving, etc.;

2. Plastic is connected and composed of cohesive materials to form the required shape, such as clay sculpture, ceramic sculpture, etc.

2. From the subject matter, sculpture can be divided into monumental sculpture, architectural decorative sculpture, urban garden sculpture, religious sculpture, mausoleum sculpture, and display sculpture.

3. From the form of expression, sculpture can be divided into round carving and relief.

1. The round sculpture is a three-dimensional sculpture that is not attached to any background and can be viewed from all directions.

2. Relief is an artistic image carved with a convex on the plane. The expressive techniques are based on volume and structure, etc.

Sculpture can be broadly divided into two main categories: relief and round carving.

Relief: Between sculpture and painting, deep or shallow protrusions are carved on the plane, which is called relief. It is suitable for expressing the scene of the carving crowd. Such as the relief on the base of the Monument to the People's Heroes.

Round carving: independent of three-dimensional space. Such as the statue of Venus, the statue of David, etc.

Ancient Chinese sculpture can be divided into three categories: figure sculpture, animal sculpture and god sculpture. Character sculpture is the shaping of human figures, including the images of emperors, **, literati, soldiers and ordinary people; Animal sculpture is the shaping of animal images, including dragons, phoenixes, lions, unicorns, horses, cows, birds and other animal images; Finally, the statue sculpture is the shaping of the image of the gods, including Buddha statues, Taoist statues, Confucian statues, etc.

In ancient China, sculpture was widely used in architecture, sacrifices, tombs, etc. As an art form, sculpture not only has the role of commemorating history and expressing cultural beliefs, but also provides an important foundation and historical legacy for the development of art in later generations.

As an important part of ancient Chinese sculpture, figure sculpture has strong characteristics of the times and regions. Among them, the court sculpture is a symbol of power and culture at that time, showing the differences in different historical periods and political status in terms of shape and costume.

Animal sculpture also had an important place in ancient China. Sculptures of different animal figures are often used to express different cultural symbols and social meanings. For example, lion sculptures are often used in places such as town houses and exorcisms, symbolizing strength and protection; Dragon sculptures are widely used in places such as royal buildings, symbolizing power and wealth.

The statue sculpture was also very distinctive in ancient China. Statues of gods of different religions and beliefs have different shapes and expressions, for example, Buddha statues express compassion and wisdom, while Taoist statues focus on the special abilities of serving gods.

In short, ancient Chinese sculpture, with its unique regional culture and ideological connotation, has provided an important heritage and source for the cultural and artistic development of the later world. <>

China's representative sculptures, in ancient times, there are the Buddha statue of Dunhuang Mogao Grottoes, Qin Shi Huang Terracotta Warriors. In modern times, there are monuments to the people's heroes and rent-collecting courtyards.

The Mogao Grottoes, commonly known as the Thousand Buddha Caves, are located in Dunhuang at the western end of the Hexi Corridor. It was founded in the pre-Qin period of the Sixteen Kingdoms and went through the Sixteen Kingdoms. There are 735 caves and 2,415 clay colored sculptures, which is the world's largest and richest Buddhist art place.

The Terracotta Warriors and Horses of Qin Shi Huang are located in the east of the Mausoleum of Qin Shi Huang in Lintong District, Xi'an City, Shaanxi Province. Terracotta warriors and horses are a category of ancient tomb sculpture. There are thousands of terracotta warriors and horses, and their shaping is basically based on real life, and the technique is delicate and bright.

The costume and demeanor of each bird rock terracotta figurine are different.

The group of monuments to the people's heroes, located in the center of Tiananmen Square in Beijing, is inlaid around the monument by ten large reliefs of white marble. There are about twenty heroic figures in each relief, each of which is life-size and has different faces, personalities, thoughts, feelings, and gestures.

The rent collection courtyard is displayed in Liu Wencai Manor, Dayi County, Sichuan Province. A total of 7 groups of group portraits: rent payment, rent inspection, wind valley, fighting, accounting, forced rent, and resistance.

They show the main means of exploitation of the peasants by the landlords in the form of plot succession, and the whole process of rent collection is a Zen Emperor, and a total of 114 life-size characters are portrayed.

Characteristics of Chinese sculpture.

There are few pure sculpture artworks in ancient China, which is the main reason why people do not pay attention to ancient Chinese sculptures. Western sculpture originated in ancient Greece, where the Greeks valued the human body and molded the gods into perfect flesh and blood beings. They worship the gods and the heroes who are as perfect as the gods—warriors and sportsmen.

Create idols and memorials for them to worship. In this way, a tradition has been passed down from generation to generation in the West, becoming a pure sculptural art. The system, culture, philosophy and religion of ancient Chinese society are different from those of ancient Greece, forming sculpture art with its own characteristics.

Ancient Chinese sculpture has a distinctly painterly character. Ancient Chinese sculpture and painting are a pair of siblings, both born in the primitive arts and crafts. Since the era of faience, plastic painting has complemented each other and closely integrated.

After both have matured, they still "shape and paint", and add color to the sculpture to improve the expressive ability of the sculpture. Many of the existing sculptures of the past dynasties are clay sculptures, stone carvings and wood carvings that have been made up. Today's sculpture art is completely Westernized and no longer colorful, but folk sculpture still maintains the tradition of makeup.

After the Renaissance, except for religious statues of gods and goddesses, most of them continued to add color, and the general sculpture no longer added color. Chinese plastic painting is not separated, which leads to the consistency of the aesthetic requirements of sculpture and painting. However, the pictorial performance is not to pay attention to the volume, space and block surface of the sculpture, but to pay attention to the rhythm and rhythm of the contour line and the body clothing line.

These lines are like painting lines, which have been highly scrutinized, summarized and processed, and are completely different from the rich changes in the shape of Western classical sculpture to reflect the outline and clothing pattern. The latter has a strong sense of volume, while the former only has a large volume relationship, and most of the parts are very flat. Sometimes the inscribed lines are used on the plane to express the wrinkles of the skin and clothes, but there is still no three-dimensional effect, only the flat effect of painting. As a result, sculptures usually have a smooth surface and do not have as many subtle variations of light and dark fluctuations as Western sculptures. Ancient Chinese sculpture has a strong painterly nature and has a kind of oriental taste, which is in line with the appreciation habits of the ancient Chinese, who looked at sculpture art from the perspective of painting art.

Today, when we appreciate ancient sculptures, we also need to borrow the aesthetic vision of Chinese painting in order to grasp the key points of beauty.

Another characteristic of Chinese sculpture is its imagery. Since the ancient Greek period, Western sculpture has strived to imitate and reproduce nature, and it is extremely realistic. Chinese sculpture focuses on the "verve" representation of objects.

Traditional Chinese sculpture works are mainly treated in a simplified way. The so-called simplicity refers to the richest image with the least amount of brush and ink. Simplicity reflects the deep understanding of traditional Chinese philosophy on the beauty of simplicity and simplicity.

China has always emphasized inner beauty in aesthetics, believing that simplicity and simplicity are the highest state of aesthetics, and it is a state that can only be achieved by removing superfluous gorgeous appearances. Traditional Chinese sculpture has never been as precise as Western sculpture, but more from feeling and understanding. Like Chinese painting, it is generally simple, bright and intriguing to do more with less.

For example, traditional Chinese sculpture is extremely simple when depicting the head of a human figure. The eyebrows are often reduced to geometric shapes, with no nasal bone twists and muscle changes. The structure of the face, such as the cheekbone masseter muscle, has also been eliminated by the law of simplicity, and it has become a flat, full-bodied large shape.

The simplicity of the head shape has become an important means for traditional Chinese sculpture to express its charm. This simplicity makes Chinese sculpture more holistic in its refinement, and thus sometimes more sculptural or even architectural.