Who knows anything about the behavior of animal communities?

There are two main ways of social evolution of carnivores, the first of which may be that carnivores promote the evolution of social groups for the purpose of cooperative hunting in order to adapt to prey in open habitats and live in groups with strong activity. The second approach may be that carnivores rely on food resources are evenly distributed and abundant, and there is little competition for food resources among individuals, which helps animal groups to improve the effectiveness of common vigilance against enemies and cooperative breastfeeding, and promotes the evolution of social groups based on family groups. We speculate that the sociality of carnivores mainly originates from the family group, and the family group is further expanded by adding some unrelated individuals who have migrated from other family groups.

A social group is initially formed when all members of the group work together to hunt, share food, guard against predators, defend the field, nurse and protect the young, and engage in other social cooperation. Individuals in the community further divide labor and cooperate, and eventually evolve into sociality.

I want to tell you that the explanation of animal social behavior starts with the impact of the behavior itself on the survival and evolution of the species as a whole.

For example, chimpanzees tend to forage separately when food is scarce, because this is conducive to reducing the energy consumption of the whole group. But when food is plentiful, they live in groups, because it is conducive to the full use of food and the protection of territory.

Another example is the lioness group, the lioness does this to resist the danger of male lions to the survival of young lions and to resist the encroachment of other lion groups and protect the territory.

Male lions, on the other hand, never have more than four or five prey mates, and they generally do not fight for the right to mate. Because most of these male lions are related by brothers, the genes of one lion are inherited, and the genes of other lions are indirectly inherited, so which mating pair does not have a big impact on the transmission of their genes.

Ants and bees are very well divided, and they all have the following status: the queen ant or queen bee is the supreme position, and her job is to breed the next generation, followed by the soldier ants or bees who are responsible for the safety of the referees, and their job is to ensure that their colony is not attacked and harassed by the outside world, and they can also punish some sapper ants or sapper bees for violating the rules, and finally there are sapper ants or sapper bees, whose job is to collect food, build ant nests or hives, and raise the next generation!

However, the group division of ants tends to be more formalized, and the group responsibilities of bees are sometimes vague).

The above knowledge is limited, and I hope to be able to help

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Benefits of Community Living (1).

Benefits for eaters.

Alert. Be safe.

The time of the whistle. A forest pigeon (columba palumbus) feeding

Individuals spend less time eating.

The appearance of the deceiver?

Some. For the attack of any kind of predator, the larger the prey group, the more protective it is, which is the rare-luck high-release effect.

Dilution effect. And the increase in the problem. Sand.

Nau fish on different sizes of water.

The dilution effect is achieved by the synchronization of time and space.

Take. 13 years and 17

Assemble. The impact of community size on individual safety.

and a sharp decline;

Benefits of Community Behaviour (2).

Benefits for predators.

Find food faster through the exchange of information.

Advantage. Exchange food information and share food.

Increase the success rate of predation.

Convenient for catching larger prey.

Black geese foraging in the salt marshes (food - regular".

Easy access to renewable foods.

It is beneficial for predators to win in competition with other predators.

Benefits of mixed groups.

The strength of the force will bring benefits to other species, and once the predator is successful, it will complement the prey.

Optimal population size.

Periodic changes in community size.

class, primate.

bide (model.

Community size and resource characteristics.

Individual competition in flock foraging.

Feeding inter-individual disturbances and restrictions on feeding.

Pros and cons of ELGAR optimal community size.

Comparative analysis of different species.

Find food in the sand.

Ringed Sandpiper (Charadriushiaticula).

A time-to-budget model for the optimal community size.

Presented by Pulliam & Caraco).

risk, and the active time of birds is mainly allocated to these types, ie.

Feeding. The optimal community is volatile.

Individual differences within the community.

Community life and intraspecific relationships.

Permanent community.

The stability of community members will inevitably lead to mutual recognition and mutual understanding among different members, which will make community relations more complex. If the members of the community are constantly changing, and the members do not know each other, then the social and social relations are much simplerIn a community with complex social relations, cooperative behaviors are often highly developed, and these phenomena and behaviors are based on the stability of community members and the ability to recognize each other.

Inbreeding. There will be very little. In general, the out-migration behavior of male or female offspring effectively avoids the occurrence of inbreeding.

Affinities between community members and their pairs.

The impact of behavior.

A little. Reproductive dominance within animal communities.

Food is contested and shared as well as on other sides.

surface cooperation. Food grade. cooperation.

Cultural inheritance of society.

How to eat. As:.

The main characteristics of the social life (social behavior) of animals are: () aMany individuals of the same kind of filial piety gather together to live together.

b.Cluster members gather together for a purpose through connections.

c.Individuals of the same species are connected in one way or another in order to achieve the survival of the individual and the continuation of the race.

d.The members of the co-living group have clearly different functions

Social behavior is the formation of a certain organization within the group, there is a clear division of labor between the members of the animal group behavior, some higher animals also form a hierarchy ant group has a queen, male ants, worker ants, soldier ants, need to cooperate with each other, close cooperation to maintain the normal survival of the group, so ants have social behavior Hare is not an animal living in a group, sheep, pigs do not form an organization, no division of labor, no hierarchy, so there is no social behavior

So choose A

Wrong choice, because a group of socially behaving animals does not necessarily have a leader. "Hierarchical society" is often based on individuality.

Differences in size, strength, health, and ferocity are arranged in hierarchical order. The "leader" is the "victorious general" within the group, giving priority to food and mates, giving priority to nesting sites, and other members make a gesture of obedience to it, not daring to fight back against its attacks. The "Chief" is also responsible for directing the actions of the entire community, and works with other males to defend the group.

There are "chiefs" in groups of higher animals such as baboons, while there are no "leaders" in lower animals such as ants. The queen is only responsible for laying eggs, which is its function, and nothing else, so the queen ant does not have the function of a "leader".

Dear landlord:

The correct answer is A

Test point: Social behavior refers to the behavior of the same species of animals in groups, cooperating with each other, and jointly maintaining the life of the group, which has the characteristics of organization and division of labor.

Good luck with your progress.

Looking forward to your adoption, thank you.

I'm not very professional either.

Do you mean social behavior in groups, or is there a clear division of labor?

If there is no clear division of labor, but there is a leader, and most of the herds are like this: wolves, lions, bison, deer, geese, and so on. They live in groups by hiding from predators, predators, etc., and the strongest individuals act as leaders who can easily command and distribute resources.

There is also a clear division of labor, the most famous of which are insects: bees and ants, termites. Ants are divided into queens, males, soldiers, and workers.

Bees are divided into queen bees, drones, and worker bees. All have a clear division of labor, and each does its own thing. The only difference is that the queen bee's offspring will have more than one new king and divide into groups.

Ants don't.