Ancient China always took a defensive stance against the surrounding ethnic minorities

Because China is basically self-sufficient, it can satisfy the ruler's poor and luxurious life without going out to invade. All aggression is instigated or coerced by the ruler to satisfy his own insatiable desires, and all rebellion is instigated or forced by the ruler to defend his own superior interests. In ancient times, the expansion of territory was aggression, and now it is passive because he does not have the conditions to take the initiative.

Don't look at the policy superficially, simplistic. "Outside Ning must have internal worries", 2,000 years ago, some people have seen it very clearly.

China is an agrarian civilization, and foreigners are nomadic people, they lack the necessities of life, they must come to plunder, and because of their way of civilization, it is determined that they have no rear concerns, while China is the opposite.

China, a big country with a long history, has a total of 56 ethnic groups, of course, the Han nationality should be well-known to everyone, so do you know what ethnic minorities there are in China? Ethnic minorities refer to ethnic groups other than the main ethnic group in a multi-ethnic country, the main ethnic group in China is the Han nationality, and the other 55 legal ethnic groups are all ethnic minorities.

Xiongnu: According to the Historical Records, the Xiongnu were also the descendants of the Five Emperors and became the main threat to northern China for a long time. Emperor Wu of the Western Han Dynasty began, the Xiongnu's war against the Han people fell into passivity, as the main part of the Northern Xiongnu fled west to Europe, constituting today's Hungarians, the former Zhao, Xia and Northern Liang during the Sixteen Kingdoms period may be the last time the Xiongnu appeared on a relatively large stage.

Inurong: A very small nation that has left no traces. People remember it because it once did a great thing, slaughtering the king of Zhou You and destroying the Western Zhou.

Donghu: In what is now Northeast China. Qin was destroyed by the Xiongnu, and then divided into two parts: Wuhuan and Xianbei.

Wu Huan: Wiped out by Cao Wei.

Karma: A branch of the Xiongnu. During the Sixteen Kingdoms, the Later Zhao regime was established.

Di: A part of the Xiongnu, the Sixteen Kingdoms had established the former Qin and the Later Liang, and was later melted by the Han people.

Qiang: Later Qin was established during the Sixteen Kingdoms and has survived to this day. Anyone who has paid attention to Wenchuan ** knows.

Xianbei: After ending the turmoil of the Sixteen Kingdoms, he unified the north and established the Northern Wei regime. The main body was assimilated by the Han people, and the rest evolved into Rouran.

Tuyuhun: Xianbei Murong Branch, during the Sixteen Kingdoms of the Eastern Jin Dynasty, controlled Qinghai, Gansu and other places, in the middle of the Tang Dynasty, was driven to Hedong by Tubo, and began to be ruled by the Liao State during the Five Dynasties.

Tibet: The ancient Tibetan regime established between the 7th and 9th centuries was an ancient kingdom located on the Tibetan Plateau. The famous Songtsam Gampo must have heard of it.

Turkic: It is possible that it was a branch of the Xiongnu, which later perished the Rouran, and its own main body was wiped out by the Uighurs and Han Chinese, and the rest fled westward, forming the present-day Turks.

Rouran: Defeated by the Turks, divided into Murwei (Mongolia) and Khitan.

Uighurs: During the Tang Dynasty, the main Turkic body was destroyed. The Uighurs survive to the present day, even among the Uyghurs today.

Khitan: The establishment of the Liao State at the end of the Tang Dynasty. After the demise, the main body was assimilated by the Jurchen and Han people, and the remaining fled west to Central Asia, where they merged with the locals and became part of the Central Asians.

Jurchen: In ancient times, it was called Su Shen, and later it was Jurchen and Manchuria, and it has survived until now, that is, today's Manchu people.

Party item: part of the Qiang ethnic group. During the Two Song Dynasty, the Western Xia regime was established, and was later destroyed by the Mongols.

Mongolia: It was a part of Donghu in the pre-Qin period, evolved from Xianbei, and has survived until now.

In the northeast, there are Khitans, Bohai people, Goguryeo people, and mò hé people;

Due north and northwest are the Turks, Tuyuhun, Hui, Murowei, Tiele, and so on.

There are also a large number of ethnic minorities in the Western Regions and Central Asia, who were not famous at that time, and many celebrities who went abroad in later history, such as Shatuo people, Shao Wujiu, etc., were called "Zahu";

The southwest is mainly Tubo and Nanzhao;

There were also some barbarians in Lingnan (now in the Liangguang area).

Strategically located, new tools, four great inventions, a symbol of wisdom.

Due to the geographical location, the geographical superiority has caused the two rivers region to produce a high-quality culture.

When ethnic minorities are still worried about their livelihoods, our ancient China in the interior already has something of surplus value, so that more people can have time to create new cultural forms, new tools, including the four major inventions, due to the different geographical location and living environment, the gap has long been advanced.

A complementary relationship, right? Ancient Chinese culture was not much more advanced than the surrounding minority cultures.

Because of its geographical location, ancient Chinese culture was more advanced than the surrounding minority cultures.

Because the imperial examination system is completely based on the quality of the article, it does not explore scientific knowledge at all.

However, Zhu Di, the fourth prince who had been tempered by battles in Mobei all the year round, was ignored and finally led to a mutiny.

This person is definitely Chinese, and no one does not say that their culture is bad, and if there is, it is a traitor. Please see how the Goryeo stick brags about himself!

Pre-Qin - to fight and be beaten, but to insist on fighting.

Qin - pacify the barbarians.

Han - Heqin, Northern Expedition, South Huairou.

Three countries – alliance and repression coexist.

Western Jin Dynasty - Huairou, let a large number of ethnic minorities migrate to the interior.

Eastern Jin Dynasty - a corner of peace.

The Northern and Southern Dynasties - the north is the regime of the ethnic minorities, and the Han regime in the south is surviving, only seeking to protect itself from the Sui and Tang dynasties - pacifying the part, and most of the relatives and Huairou.

Five Generations - The World of Ethnic Minorities....

The Northern Song Dynasty - formed a brotherly alliance with the Liao, and it was not until the end of the Northern Song Dynasty that the Southern Song Dynasty united with the Jin to destroy the Liao, and the Southern Song Dynasty first sued for peace with the Jin land, then united with the Mongols to destroy the Jin, and then sent money to the Mongols to sue for peace, and was destroyed by the Yuan - racial discrimination.

Ming - vowed to exterminate the remnants of the former Yuan, and then concentrated on destroying the Houjin.

The Qing-Manchu and Mongolian alliances are the main line, and the ethnic minorities in Huairou are ceded.

Siyi is a general term for the surrounding ethnic minorities in ancient China, each of which is also a general name, divided into four collective names: Dongyi, Beidi, Xirong, and Nanban: Dongfang Yi, who was tattooed, and there were people who did not eat fire; The south is said to be barbaric, carved and crossed, and there are people who do not eat fire; In the West, it is said that Rong, who is clothed and skinned, and there are people who do not eat grains; In the north, it is said that Di, who lives in caves with clothes and feathers, and there are no grain eaters.

Dongyi as a noun comes from the Zhou Dynasty, and the Zhou people called the tribes east of the Central Plains Dongyi in order to record history. Dongyi of the Zhou Dynasty refers to the many tribes and Fang countries that lived in present-day Shandong, Huaihe, northern Jiangsu, and Huaibei regions, and were active around present-day Mount Tai. During the Qin, Han and Ming dynasties, Dongyi mostly referred to foreign ethnic groups living on the Korean Peninsula, the Japanese archipelago and the Ryukyu Islands in eastern China, or ethnic minorities in northeastern China.

The Yi people are considered to be one of the origins of the two major civilizations in the Yellow River Valley of China, and since the beginning of the record, the Huaxia and Dongyi have been various exchanges, and finally merged into one. The civilization level of Dongyi is actually not weaker than that of Huaxia at all, and many or even stronger from the unearthed cultural relics, but due to their own war, they are not as strong as Zhou's force, and they were gradually swallowed up in more than 500 years, and finally merged into the Han nationality.

With the continuous expansion and influence of the political, economic and cultural aspects of the Central Plains, the political pattern of the Central Plains and the continuous integration of local regional politics, economy and culture, the geographical area of "Nanban" has actually included the entire Southeast Asia. The ethnic composition of the Nanban is quite complex, and it can be roughly divided into three major ethnic groups: Baiyue, Baipu and Bashu. The Baiyue clan is distributed in the vast area south of the Yangtze River, the Baipu clan is distributed in the area of present-day Hunan and Guizhou, and the Bashu clan is distributed in the area of present-day Sichuan and Chongqing.

Most of the ethnic minorities in the south today evolved from the Nanban people, and now most of them are distributed in the Luzhou area of Sichuan. At the earliest, there was Jing Chu, but in the middle and late Spring and Autumn Period, everyone no longer thought that Chu was a southern barbarian. Nanban is a very broad name, theoretically speaking, all ethnic minorities in the south are descendants of Nanban, of course, more Nanban or integrated into the Han nationality, the more obvious way is the efforts of Chu, Wu, and Yue.

Xirong was in the Western Zhou Dynasty to the Warring States, mainly referring to the tribes of the Qiang family; After the Qin and Han dynasties, throughout ancient China, the narrow sense refers to the Qiang tribes, and the broad sense includes the ethnic groups in western China. The vast majority of the Qiang tribes were integrated into the Han nationality during the Northern and Southern Dynasties, and a small number went south, and the current Qiang nationality is a part of the remnants.

Beidi is a completely disappeared nation, because the living range of Beidi starts from Shaanxi in the west, to Hebei in the east, to the south of the mountainous area of Luoyang, and to the north to Daidi, there is no doubt that here from the beginning of the Warring States Period, it is the most standard hinterland of China, in the early Warring States Period, most of them belong to the Three Jin Dynasty, and the Di people are completely integrated into the Han people. There are many kinds of Di people, such as Bai Di, Chi Di, and so on, they are not the same as the Hu people further north, because the Hu people are completely nomadic life, while the Di people are semi-agricultural or completely agricultural, and a small number are nomadic, but in the late Spring and Autumn period, they all settled, and the Hu people could not settle.

The Song Dynasty was the most prosperous era of China's economy. Society as a whole is in that attitude of being happy with the status quo. For minorities on the defensive, hoping to exchange money for peace.

At the same time, the Song Dynasty learned from the experience of the Tang Dynasty and strictly controlled the Jiedu envoys and the army, so that the country itself was wary of its own army, let alone strengthen the army. Second, because there was no strong potential threat near the Song Dynasty, the state could not be on high alert for a long time (although there was a Liao state, it was not enough to pose a substantial threat to the Song state). Due to the war and chaos in the Central Plains for too long (the most frequent period of war in Chinese history, one of the high-density periods of regime change), the vitality of the Song Dynasty was greatly damaged, and all strata wanted to recuperate, and the Song Dynasty naturally hoped to restore production and construction, and the country would not leave a large number of soldiers.

1.Yanhuang Era East: Dongyi tribe.

South: Miao Man Tribe.

2.Shangdong: Donghuainan: South Chuxi: Xiqibei: Beiyan.

3.Western Zhou North: Yan Yun, Dog Rong.

4.Qinxi: Yueqiang North: Xiongnu, Donghu.

5.Western Hannan: Ailao West: Xiqiang, Wusun, Kangju, Dayueshi, Anxi, Daxia, Daqin.

North: Xiongnu, Xianbei.

6.Eastern Han Dynasty: Faqiang, Wusun, Kangju, Dayueshi, Anxi, Daxia, Daqin.

North: Xiongnu, Xianbei, Fuyu.

7.Three Kingdoms Period East: Shanyue West: Wusun North: Xianbei, Qianghu, Karasuma.

8.Eastern Sui: South of the Ryukyus: Pu tribe, Kunming.

West: Party items, treasure buns, vassal countries, women's countries.

North: Turkic, Xi, Khitan, Murwei, and Jian.

9.Tangdong: Ryukyu, Goryeo, Silla.

South: Nanzhao, Wang tribe, Zhenla.

West: Tibet, Qarluq.

North: Turkic, Hui, Murowei, Bohai.

10.Five Dynasties and Ten Kingdoms: Ryukyu South: Kunming, Qiqi, Dali.

West: Tubo, Dangxiang North: Khitan 11Eastern Northern Song Dynasty: Southern Ryukyus: Western Dali: Tubo, Western Xia, Western Uighurs, Yellow Head Uighurs, Hara Khanate.

North: Liaoguo, Hulang Gai 12Eastern Southern Song Dynasty: Ryukyu South: Dali West: Tubo, Western Xia, Western Liao, and Wu'er.

North: Jin Kingdom, Kereh Tribe, Mughul, Murwei 13Yuan Dong:

South Ryukyus: Siam West: Ögedai Khanate, Western Chagatai Khanate, Eastern Chagatai Khanate, Ilkhanate of Ilkhanate, White Horde, Golden Horde, Blue Horde, Lost Bil Khanate, Mour 14

Ming East: Ryukyu West: Yili Khanate of the Li.

North: Warat tribe, Tatar tribe, Heilongjiang Jurchen tribe, Haixi Jurchen tribe, Jianzhou Jurchen tribe.

Since the Han Dynasty, people often refer to the Central Plains Dynasty established by the Han nationality as "China", and the Central Plains Dynasty established by fraternal ethnic groups also call themselves "China". During the Northern and Southern Dynasties, the Southern Dynasties referred to themselves as "China" and the Northern Dynasties as "Wei Yu"; The Northern Dynasty also called itself "China" and the Southern Dynasty "Daoyi". The Liao and the Northern Song Dynasty, the Jin and the Southern Song Dynasty, all called themselves "China" and neither recognized the other as China.

In ancient times, Korea was known as the "Kingdom of Goryeo", and the Sui and Tang dynasties also crossed the Yalu River to attack Goryeo many times.

In ancient Japan, it was "Fuso", ** there are a lot of it, Fuso samurai, ninja.

First of all, this has a different situation in different periods.

1, the third dynasty of the Xia and Shang dynasties, the Central Plains was civilized in advance, and the barbarians in the four directions had not yet been civilized, which was manifested as the barbarians in the south of the East and the water, and the culture was romantic. The north lives in the grassland and desert, and the people's intelligence is low, and they are still in the stage of animal food. Therefore, the armed forces are relatively developed, and the nation is fierce and wild.

2. During the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, the cohesion of the Central Plains Dynasty declined. At the same time, the local power of the princes was intensified, and the border people of the four frontiers were either at war or at peace, thus beginning the national integration. On the whole, the strength of the Central Plains has declined, but the cultural radiation has continued to expand outward.

The Qilu culture is dominated by the plains and at the same time close to the sea. Yan Zhao was close to the Hu people in the north, and gradually tended to be martial and respectful. Wuyue culture gradually tended to come from the Central Plains.

The culture of Chuxiang is prosperous and the soldiers and horses are weak.

3. In this case, in the end, it was the Rongdi forces in the west that had the upper hand in the local area, and finally completed the great cause of the reunification of the Central Plains. The Qin Dynasty was established.