Why did the activities of the literati of the Tang Dynasty have an important impact on the developme

The activities of the literati in the Tang Dynasty had an important impact on the development of ancient Chinese gardens, which were mainly manifested in the following aspects:

1.Promote the diversified development of gardens: The literati of the Tang Dynasty paid attention to the creation of landscape and artistic conception, as well as the integration of natural landscapes, humanities and history.

For example, Wang Wei's "Balcony Landscape Map" skillfully combines natural landscapes with literary artistic conceptions, reflecting the Tang Dynasty literati's understanding of the mutual penetration and influence of natural landscapes and poetic art. This concept of focusing on artistic conception and natural elements has promoted the diversified development of classical Chinese gardens.

2.Promoting innovation in artistic expression: The literati of the Tang Dynasty paid attention to the unity of form and artistic conception in gardening, emphasizing the integrity and perfection of the courtyard landscape.

They not only pay attention to the layout of the courtyard and the matching of the landscape, but also pay attention to the treatment of details and decorations. For example, in the Tang Dynasty, stone carvings, bronze carvings, wood carvings and other handicrafts in the courtyard were more exquisite and meticulous in shape and decoration, rich in artistic conception and cultural connotation. These artworks not only add to the beauty of the courtyard landscape, but also promote the innovation of the artistic expression of classical Chinese gardens.

3.Affection for landscapes: During the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties, many literati harbored love for natural landscapes in order to avoid war, and private gardens changed from copying nature to abstracting and refining higher than nature, and there was a boom in private gardening.

To sum up, the activities of the literati in the Tang Dynasty had an important impact on the development of ancient Chinese gardens, promoting the diversified development of gardens, the innovation of artistic expressions, and the emotional expression of affection for landscapes, enriching the cultural connotation and artistic value of classical Chinese gardens.

Sui and Tang dynastiesThe representative of the literati garden is the Rim River Beiye,LushanCottage.

Gongchuan Beiye was a Tang Dynasty sock poet and painter Wang Wei.

In the Rim River Valley in the Song Zhi asked.

The garden built on the basis of the Rim River Villa is a forest spring.

Victory, a natural garden built according to the place. Rimchuan Beiye is built in the natural valley area with the victory of mountains, forests and lakes, and the scenery of Kaisheng is named because of the plants and mountains and rivers and spring stones.

Lushan thatched cottage is hidden in the Lushan environment, and Bai Juyi.

When building a garden, we never give up any opportunity, and use the technique of "stacking stones" to lead the cliff on the north side of the cottage into the cottage, which is regarded as the inherent scenery of the garden and forms a natural barrier of the cottage. The front of the thatched cottage faces the incense burner peak, the south is bordered by the stone stream, and the surrounding natural scenery is borrowed into the thatched cottage, such a mountain and stone scenery is incomparable to the urban garden.

Background of the literati gardens of the Sui and Tang dynasties:

1. Social stability and economic development.

The Sui Dynasty unified the whole country and built the Grand Canal.

Connecting the economy of the North and the South. The era of the prosperous Tang Dynasty, with political stability, economic and cultural prosperity, presented an unprecedented era of peace and prosperity in history. People generally pursue garden enjoyment.

2. The rise of the imperial examination system.

The vast number of Shu landlords and intellectuals had the opportunity to be promoted, and once they obtained the status of bureaucrats, they had a good fortune and a high social status, but there was no hereditary guarantee. The ups and downs of the sea are up-and-down, the promotion and depreciation are impermanent, and the common experience has formed a common philosophy of life. worked hard to make a career as an official in the court, and at the same time reserved the road after the resignation of Zhishi.

Managing a garden is to retire to the forest in the future.

3. Imperial examinations.

There were many literati who were officials, and gardens became their social interactions.

The influence of the literati's interests and hobbies on the Sun School is also more extensive and profound than that of the previous generation. After the Tang Dynasty, literati directly participated in the planning of gardens, relying on their deep understanding of natural scenery and their high appreciation of natural beauty to carry out garden planning.

At the same time, they also put their experience of life philosophy and the ups and downs of the sea into the art of gardening. As a result, the fresh and elegant style of the scholarly and bureaucratic scholarly gardens was further improved and sublimated, adding a layer of cultural color, and the "literati garden" appeared.

The Tang Dynasty was an important period in the transformation of ancient Chinese garden styles. The artistry of Tang Chang'an's private garden has been further sublimated compared with the previous generation. The landscape elements such as mountains, water bodies, plants, animals, and buildings of Tang Chang'an's private garden are harmoniously integrated, and the construction of the garden pond is becoming more and more refined and bright, and the scholars introduce poetry and painting into the garden, so that the aesthetic principle of advocating nature is fully realized, and the foundation has been laid for the freehand landscape garden of later generations.

In the Tang Dynasty, Luoyang was the capital of Luoyang, so the aristocratic bureaucrats built many gardens in Luoyang. In the Northern Song Dynasty in 1195, Li Gefei's "Luoyang Famous Gardens" introduced nineteen Luoyang famous gardens, most of which were developed on the basis of the Tang Dynasty manor villa gardens, but the layout has changed.

It differs from the previous gardens in that the landscape is separated from the residence, and the garden exists separately for the purpose of resting, enjoying or entertaining the bureaucrats. This kind of well-off private garden is just a private tour.

Bai Juyi's description of his thatched cottage in "The Story of Lushan Thatched Cottage" shows that the overall layout is "flat in front of it, and the wheel is ten zhang wide; There are platforms, semi-flat; There is a square pool in Tainan, and the platform is doubled. ”

The more representative ones are such as Lushan Thatched Cottage, Huanhuaxi Thatched Cottage, Gongchuan Beiye, etc., and the more representative gardening literati are Bai Juyi, Liu Zongyuan, Wang Wei, etc. The literati bureaucrats developed gardens and participated in gardening, and through these practical activities, they gradually formed a relatively comprehensive view of gardens—nourishing the heart with springs and caryophyllum trees, and borrowing poetry, wine, piano, and books to enjoy nature. This also has a certain enlightening significance for the rise of literati gardens in the Song Dynasty and the formation of their style characteristics.

Answer in three points: 1. Search the scenery on the back line: In the Tang Dynasty, landscape literature flourished.

The literati often wrote landscape poems and had a certain level of ability to appreciate the landscapes, and these literati were in the whirlpool of political struggle, and their psychology was haggard. They all hope to seek spiritual comfort and sustenance in the forest, springs and ravines of the garden.

2. Social atmosphere, under this atmosphere, the fresh and elegant style of the scholarly and official scholarly gardens has been improved and sublimated, and this kind of garden is more focused on pleasing to the eye.

3. The exterior of the garden is manifested in the fit with the environment and conforms to the trend of nature. And strive for simplicity. For example, the constituent elements are mostly buildings with thatched roofs, undulating terrain, stone placement, and water management that simulates the natural state.

Ancient Chinese gardens are people who use natural mountains, water springs, birds and beasts to carry out gardening activities.

In the Spring and Autumn Period and the Warring States Period, there were further landscape combinations, such as earth mountains, etc., and natural landscape gardens had begun to be constructed. In the garden, building pavilions and bridges, planting flowers and trees, the components of the garden have been basically possessed, and they are no longer simply confined. During the Qin and Han dynasties, palaces dominated by palace buildings appeared.

The period of the Wei, Jin, Southern and Northern Dynasties was a turning point in the development of Chinese gardens. The introduction of Buddhism and the popularity of Lao Zhuang philosophy made the garden turn to advocating nature. The number of private gardens is gradually increasing. Natural landscape gardens are formed.

During the Tang and Song dynasties, the garden reached a mature stage. The freehand landscape gardens of the Tang and Song dynasties have made great achievements in the techniques of reflecting the natural beauty, such as stacking stones, piling mountains, and managing water, etc., all of which have a certain program.

During the Ming and Qing dynasties, garden art entered a stage of profound development, whether it was a private garden in the south of the Yangtze River or an imperial palace in the north, it reached a peak in design and architecture. Most of the modern preserved gardens belong to the Ming and Qing dynasties, and these gardens fully express the unique style of ancient Chinese traditional garden architecture and superb gardening art.