The writing of the Shang Dynasty, what kind of writing is the writing of the Shang Dynasty

Oracle: At that time, people revered ghosts and gods, and divined things in trouble. They carved divination on the flat surface of tortoise shells and animal bones, painted red to indicate auspiciousness, and black to indicate danger.

These characters are carved with knives, the large characters are about an inch square, and the small characters are like grains, which are either complex or simple, and are very delicate.

They were not discovered until the 25th year of Guangxu (1899) of the Qing Dynasty. The place of discovery is a village five miles northwest of Anyang City, Henan Province, which was the former capital of Yin Shang (the twentieth monarch Pangeng). Due to the burst of the embankment, many oracle bones were washed out, and people thought they were keels and used as medicinal herbs to cure diseases.

The following year, a merchant named Wang Yirong became interested in these oracle bones, and he rushed to Henan to collect many and bring them back to study. Later, Liu E continued to collect more than 5,000 pieces. As a result, some scholars named it "oracle bone inscription".

Paleographers have studied more than 100,000 pieces of characters and found that the structure of the bone armor script has changed from a single body to a combined one, and with the shape and sound of the characters, it is already quite a mature script. Of the more than 4,600 oracle bone inscriptions, more than 1,700 have been recognized.

Jin Wen: refers to the text engraved on the bronzes of the Yin and Zhou dynasties. The so-called bronze is an alloy of copper and tin.

China had entered the Bronze Age in the Xia Dynasty, and the smelting of copper and the manufacture of bronze ware were very developed. Because copper was also called gold before the Zhou Dynasty, the inscriptions on the bronze ware were called "Jinwen" or "Jijin Script"; And because this kind of bronze ware has the largest number of words on the bell, it was also called "Zhongdingwen" in the past.

The age of the application of Jin Wen is about 1,200 years from the early Shang Dynasty to the destruction of the Six Kingdoms by Qin. The number of words in Jin Wen, according to Rong Geng's "Jin Wen Compilation", is 3,722 in total, of which 2,420 can be recognized.

The inscriptions on the bronze vessels vary in number of words. The notes are also very different. Most of its main content celebrates the exploits of ancestors and princes, but also records major historical events.

For example, the famous Mao Gongding has 497 characters, and the account covers a wide range of topics, reflecting the social life at that time.

Different from the oracle bone inscription, which is thin, straight, and square, the golden inscription is fat, bent, and lumpy.

As early as the Han Dynasty, Jin Wen has been continuously unearthed and studied by scholars. Jin Wen is the main material for the study of the Western Zhou, Spring and Autumn Period, and Warring States period, and it is also the most precious material for the study of pre-Qin history.

The carrier of the gold inscription is a container such as a bronze tripod, and the carrier of the oracle bone inscription is a substance such as animal bones and tortoise shells.

Other calligraphy, all appeared in the Qin or later dynasties!

How can it be the official book and the line book, it is the oracle bone inscription and the gold inscription.

Oracle bone inscriptions are written on the bones and skins of animals.

The Shang Dynasty script is oracle bone inscription. The oracle bone inscriptions, found in Yinxu in Anyang City, Henan Province, China, are a cultural product of the Shang Dynasty (c. 17th century BC - 11th century BC) and have a history of about 3,600 years. Oracle, with a symmetrical, stable pattern.

The three elements of calligraphy are the use of the pen, the knot, and the chapter. Judging from the number of fonts and the way they are structured, oracle bone inscriptions have developed to a more rigorous and systematic script. The principle of "six books" of Chinese characters is reflected in the oracle bone inscriptions.

However, the traces of the original pictorial text are still relatively obvious.

Archaeologists have found a large number of oracle bone inscriptions from Xiaotun Village in Anyang, indicating that the writing of the Yin Shang Dynasty has been fully and widely used and developed relatively maturely. The structure of Chinese characters has been basically formed in the oracle bone inscription. Through the study of oracle bone inscriptions, the understanding of the Shang Dynasty by later generations is more detailed and reliable. The Shang Dynasty oracle bone inscription had a variety of word-making methods such as pictograms, epigrams, morphophonics, pretenses, and signifiers, and was already a mature script.

In the unearthed oracle bones, a total of 4,672 characters were found, and 1,072 characters have been recognized by scholars.

Answer]: b The excavation of oracle bones and bronzes is arguably the greatest discovery of archaeology in the 20th century. And these discoveries are all related to the Yin Shang religious banquet stool and wild life. The oracle bone shouting text is a script that appeared in the Shang Dynasty. The answer is b(2p41).

<> "It is well documented that the cover shirt was contained in the late Yin Shang period around the 14th century BC, when a preliminary stereotyped script, known as oracle bone inscriptions, was formed. The oracle bone inscription Hongxiao is both a pictogram and a phonetic character, and there are still some pictographs in Chinese characters that are the same as pictures, which are very vivid. In the late Western Zhou Dynasty, Chinese characters evolved into the Great Seal.

As a result of the development of the Great Seal, two characteristics have been produced:

The first is linearization, the early uneven thickness of the lines have become uniform and soft, and the lines they draw with the real thing are very concise and vivid.

The second is standardization, the glyph structure tends to collapse, and the hand direction is neat, gradually leaving the original shape of the picture, laying the foundation of the square word.

To put it simply, from Shang to the Warring States, the text is from oracle bone inscription, Jin inscription, and large seal.

People who like to do it themselves will also come.