There are several ways to identify glycogen, and what are the two types of glycogen

Method for identifying glycogen: The aqueous solution has a milky luster.

It is reddish-brown when exposed to iodine.

After acid hydrolysis, it is heated with Ban's reagent under alkaline conditions to transform into a brick-red precipitate.

Glucose. Fructose and maltose are reducing sugars, which can be tested with Feilin's reagent The phenomenon is the formation of brick-red precipitate.

Starch with iodine.

The test phenomenon is a turning blue.

Remaining glycogen, sucrose.

Catalytic enzymes are added to them, and then the first method is sucrose (hydrolyzed with fructose and glucose) that has a brick-red precipitate

It's glycogen.

1) Paper chromatography of sugars is commonly used in water-saturated organic solvents, among which n-butanol.

Ethanol - water and water-saturated phenol.

The two solvent systems are the most commonly used in medicine, learning and education. The commonly used chromogenic agent for paper chromatography of sugars is: silver nitrate.

Reagent; triphenyltetrazolium salt reagent; aniline-phthalate reagent; 3,5-dihydroxytoluene-hydrochloric acid reagent; Periodic acid plus benzidine reagent, etc.

2) The polarity of thin layer chromatography sugar is large, and the spotting should not be too much (generally less than 5 g) when performing chromatography on the silica gel thin layer. If there are too many spots, the spots will be significantly tailed and the RF value will also decrease, making it difficult for some sugars with similar RF values to obtain satisfactory separation. If the silica gel is coated with a boric acid solution or some inorganic salts (mainly salts made of strong alkali and weak or moderate strength acids) instead of the water modulation adsorbent, the sample carrying capacity can be significantly increased, and the separation effect is also improved.

Glucose, fructose, and maltose are reducing sugars that can be tested with Filin reagent The phenomenon is the formation of brick-red precipitates.

The starch is tested with iodine and the phenomenon is blue.

The remaining glycogen and sucrose are added to the catalytic enzyme and then used in the first method, and the brick-red precipitate is sucrose (hydrolyzed with fructose and glucose).

It's glycogen.

Iodine solution was added to tube No. 1 and starch (turned blue) and glycogen (brownish-red) were identified.

Tollen reagent was added to tube No. 2, water bath, and phloroglucinol was added, and a red color appeared, indicating the presence of ribose; Later it appears yellow, which is evidence of glucose.

Concentrated HCl was added to the No. 3 test tube, heated, and m-diphenol was added, which was red in color, proving the presence of fructose.

Concentrated sulfuric acid was added to the No. 4 test tube, and a black precipitate appeared, proving the presence of sucrose.

Mainly:Muscle glycogenand hepatic glycogen.

1. Glycogen refers to glucose.

The combined branched-chain polysaccharides have glycosidic chains of type. Stockpiled polysaccharides for animals.

Stored in hepatocytes.

and myocytoplasm, its shape is particles of different sizes, brown in case of iodine, soluble in water, after the body necrosis, glycogen is destroyed, so fresh specimens must be taken and fixed in time.

2. Glycogen is not equal to Huixun's blindness to sugars, but it is only a kind of sugar. Glycogen is the sugar storage bank of animals, and can also be regarded as an energy reservoir in the body. The structure of glycogen has basically the same anterior structure as amylopectin.

Definition of glycogen:

1. One is widely distributed in mammals.

and other animal liver, muscle and other tissues, polydisperse highly branched dextran.

with a -1,4-glycosidic bond.

Attached glucose is the main chain, and there are quite a few -1,6 branched polysaccharides for energy storage.

2. Branched long-chain polysaccharides composed entirely of glucose. It is the main storage form of sugars in animals. The trisaccharide residues linked to the glucose on both sides of the -1,6-branch point in the ultimate dextrin are catalyzed by oligo(1,4 1,4)dextran transferase to another branch, and the -1,4 glycoside chain is attached to the glucose residue at the end of the branched chain, and then the glucose on the 1,6-glycosidic bond is hydrolyzed by debranching enzyme.

The common method for identifying sugar is the Molisch experiment.

Pentose is coheated with strong acids and can be dehydrated to form furfural (furanal). Hexose is broken down into formic acid and carbon dioxide.

Levulinic acid and a small amount of hydroxymethylfurfural. Furfural and hydroxymethylfurfural can react with some phenols to form colored condensates, and different sugars and different phenols will be counter-blinded, and different results will occur. These color reactions can be used to identify sugars.

There are two reactions used to distinguish sugar from non-sugar mills: the Molisch reaction and the anthone reaction. Molisch reaction with Austria.

Named by botanist Hans Molisch, it is named with -naphthol and concentrated sulfuric acid.

It reacts with sugar to produce a purplish-red color.

The method for the determination of reducing sugars is as follows:

The principle of testing reducing sugar is that the aldehyde group (-cho) in the reducing sugar can reduce the copper ions in Cu(OH)2 to cuprous ions under heating conditions, thereby generating brick-red Cu2O precipitates.

Chemical reaction formula: CH2OH (CHOH) 4CHO + 2Cu (OH) 2 - heat CH2OH (CHOH) 4COOH + Cu2O + 2H2O.

Methods for testing reducing sugars:

Add Filin reagent dropwise to the tissue sample to be tested, and heat the test tube in warm water at 50-60 degrees Celsius for 2 minutes.

The composition of the Filin reagent used:

Nail fluid:. Liquid B:.

Feilin reagent needs to be prepared and used, and the two liquids of A and B are mixed evenly in equal amounts.

Memory mantra for reducing sugar:

Among the monosaccharides and disaccharides, except for sucrose (disaccharide), they are all reducing sugars. The above three sugars are generally non-reducing sugars.

There are many high school chemistry sugars, glucose, fructose, sucrose, maltose, starch, cellulose, etc., and the reducing properties of the college entrance examination are glucose and maltose, which can be read together: Portuguese sugar! Portuguese sugar! Portuguese sugar! It's glucose and maltose.

Color change in organic identification.

Sudan When fat, the color changes to orange.

When does the brick red precipitation appear? Filin reagent put sugar test.

Protein-like biurea, purple complexed nowhere to hide.

Diphenylamine DNA is only normal if it is dyed blue.

Note: Sugar refers to soluble reducing sugars).

Reducing Sugar Identification:

Using Feilin reagent: when the reducing sugar was identified by Feisheng Ran Zhaolin reagent, the color change process of the solution was light blue to brown and finally a brick-red precipitate was generated; Utilizing Ban's reagent: Ban's reagent is formulated with a solution of copper sulfate, sodium citrate, and carbonic acid.

Pour the copper sulfate solution into the sodium citrate and carbonic acid solution, stir while adding, and filter if there is a precipitate. The experimental principle is similar to that of Filin reagent, except that Ban's reagent can be used for a long time; Segmental use of silver ammonia solution: silver ammonia solution is 2 percent of dilute ammonia water drop by drop in 2 percent silver nitrate solution, until the initial precipitate is just dissolved, and the solution obtained at this time is silver ammonia solution.

The silver ammonia solution contains silver ammonia hydroxide, a weak oxidizing agent that oxidizes aldehyde groups to carboxyl groups and reduces silver ions to metallic silver. The silver produced by reduction adheres to the wall of the test tube, forming a silver mirror.