Questions about Kant s Philosophy 60

A Review of Kant's Philosophical Thought.

In Kant's time, there were two main theories of European philosophical thought: empiricism, developed by Locke, Hume, and others, and rationalism, by Descartes and others. Empiricists believe that human knowledge and knowledge of the world is based on human experience, while rationalists believe that human knowledge comes from human reason.

Kant, on the other hand, bridged the two views to a certain extent. Kant believed that knowledge is acquired by human beings through both the senses and reason. Experience is necessary for the production of knowledge, but it is not the only element.

To convert experience into knowledge, reason is required (Kant, like Aristotle, called this reason "categories"), and reason is innate. Human beings gain experience of the outside world through the framework of categories, and the world cannot be perceived without categories. Thus category is as necessary as experience for the acquisition of knowledge.

But there are also factors in the human realm that can change the way man thinks about the world, and he realizes that things are different from what people see, and that people can never know for sure what things really are. In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant pointed out that no one can resemble an object that exists in a world without time and space, and therefore he emphasized that experience is impossible without time and space, and that these two precede everything. In addition, Kant believed that experience must come from outside the mind.

In other words, a person can perceive and understand the world around him, but he can never perceive and understand himself, because the generation of knowledge requires three elements: time, space and category.

In terms of the law of cause and effect, Kant also overturned Hume's view. Hume believed that there was no law of cause and effect, and that it was only by habit that human beings thought that there was a correlation between the two phenomena. In other words, we can only perceive the motion of the white ball and the black ball, but we cannot perceive the cause of the white ball's movement.

It is precisely because we cannot perceive the law of cause and effect itself that Hume argues that we cannot prove the existence of the law of cause and effect. But Kant believed that the law of cause and effect is the result of human reason, and Kant agreed with Hume that the law of cause and effect does not come from experience, but he believed that the laws of nature could be proved, because the laws of nature are the laws of human cognition. The law of cause and effect is actually a manifestation of human reason.

In terms of ethics, Kant rejects the notion that the will is governed by external factors, but argues that the will legislates for itself, and that the human ability to distinguish between right and wrong is innate, not acquired. This set of natural laws is the supreme command, applicable to all situations, and is a universal moral code. Kant believed that a true moral act is an act done purely on the basis of obligation, and that doing something to achieve a certain personal utilitarian purpose cannot be considered a moral act.

Thus, Kant argues that the moral conformity of an action does not depend on the consequences of the action, but on the motivation for taking it. Kant also believed that we are only free if we obey the moral law, because we are abiding by the moral code that we have made ourselves, and if we do it only because we want to do it, there is no freedom at all, because you become a slave to all kinds of things.

1. Kant believed that knowledge is obtained by human beings through both the senses and reason. Experience is necessary for the production of knowledge, but it is not the only element. To transform experience into knowledge, reason is required, and reason is a gift;

2. People gain experience from the outside world through the category framework, and they cannot perceive the world without categories. Thus category is as necessary as experience for the acquisition of knowledge.

3. There are also some factors in the human category that can change the concept of the world, Kant realized that the things themselves are different from the things that people see, and people can never know the true appearance of things. In the Critique of Pure Reason, Kant points out that no one can resemble an object that exists in a world without time and space, and thus emphasizes that experience is impossible without time and space, and that these two precede everything. Kant believed that experience must come from outside the mind.

A person can perceive and understand the world around him, but he can never perceive and dissolve himself, because the generation of knowledge requires three elements: time, space and scope.