What is the morphology of chromosomes in vivo? Morphological characteristics of human chromosomes

Karyotype: Information about the size, shape, and number of all chromosomes in an organism.

The number of human chromosomes is 46 (23 pairs of homologous chromosomes), of which 22 pairs of autosomes (homologous chromosome morphology are basically the same) have 22 morphologies, and 1 pair of sex chromosomes (xx or xy) has 2 morphologies (x, y), so there are a total of 24 morphologies of human chromosomes.

The ultrastructure is two reversed parallel strands of DNA.

The morphology of each of the 23 pairs of chromosomes is different. Except for the pair of chromosomes in males, there is a pair for every two morphologically similar pairs, but the pair is the same from pair to pair. The pair of sex chromosomes in males is made up of two chromosomes with different morphologies.

Human chromosomes: human genetic material, carriers of genes.

The external morphology of chromosomes in general includes (centromere, two arms of chromosomes, primary spills, secondary spills, and accessory bodies).

1.The external morphology of chromosomes in general includes (centromere, two arms of chromosomes, primary spills, secondary spills, and accessory bodies). The general types of chromosomes are V-type, modified denier L-type, rod-type, and granular type.

2.It mainly contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and proteins.

3.Protein histones are basic and structurally stable. It binds to DNA to form and maintain chromatin structure, which is proportional to DNA content.

The non-group eggs are acidic, unstable in type and content, and the role is not fully understood, which may be related to the regulation of chromatin structure and play an important role in the expression of DNA genetic information.

4.The main chemical components of chromosomes are deoxyribonucleic acid (DNA) and proteins, and there are two types of proteins on chromosomes, one is low-molecular-weight basic proteins, i.e., histones, and the other is acidic proteins, i.e., non-histone proteins.

The external morphology of chromosomes in general includes (centromere, two arms of chromosomes, primary spills, secondary spills, and accessory bodies). The general types of chromosomes are V-type, L-type, rod-type, and granular type. It mainly contains DNA (deoxyribonucleic acid) and proteins.

Protein histones are basic and structurally stable. It binds to DNA to form and maintain chromatin structure, which is in proportion to DNA content. Non-histone proteins are acidic, unstable in species and content, and their effects are not fully understood, which may be related to chromatin structure regulation and play an important role in the expression of DNA genetic information.